Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialA lay health worker intervention to improve breast and cervical cancer screening among Latinas in El Paso, Texas: A randomized control trial.
We examined the effectiveness of a lay health worker (promotora)-delivered intervention on increasing breast and cervical cancer screening among low-income, primarily uninsured Latinas living in El Paso, Texas. ⋯ A promotora-delivered behavioral intervention, embedded in a community-based organization, increased mammography uptake in all women and Pap uptake among women 50 years and older in a sample of low-income Latinas. NCT04397744.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
The early effects of cumulative and individual adverse childhood experiences on child diet: Examining the role of socioeconomic status.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with detrimental long-term health outcomes, including obesity risk. Existing research has yet to examine whether early life ACEs are associated with diet in early childhood within socioeconomic subgroups. Data were drawn from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (2001-2002). ⋯ In the full sample, incarceration was associated with less frequent fruit intake (b = -0.24, p = 0.02), and domestic violence was associated with higher sweet snack (b = 0.22, p = 0.01) and SSB intake (b = 0.27, p = 0.009). Results provide preliminary evidence on the association between cumulative and specific ACEs and child diet, and how this relationship varies by SES context. Future research is needed to understand the complex multi-level mechanisms operating along this pathway in order to inform interventions supporting behavior change and to build evidence for policies that may reduce diet-related disparities in ACE exposure.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Tobacco product use and susceptibility to use among sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents.
Sexual identity is associated with tobacco use in adults. We examined tobacco use and susceptibility to use by sexual identity in adolescents. Data were collected in February 2019 via Qualtrics research participant panels. ⋯ The current findings indicate greater susceptibility to use e-cigarettes and greater tobacco product initiation, but not continuation, among sexual minority adolescents. Sexual minority-tailored interventions may be warranted to prevent tobacco product initiation. Worth exploring are the associations between sexual identity, tobacco marketing exposure, and friend(s)' e-cigarette use.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
EditorialDying at home of Covid-19: Meeting the need for home-based care.
Despite the increased burden of Covid-19 on older adults, ethical and public health frameworks lack adequate guidance for elderly patients who manage severe, even fatal, illness at home. The U. S. ⋯ Older patients are more susceptible to experiencing severe illness at home from which they may not recover; and if they do seek medical care, they tend to suffer worse outcomes than younger patients in intensive care settings. Given their likelihood of severe illness, worse outcomes in intensive care settings, and potential difficulty accessing resources, frail, disabled, and otherwise vulnerable older patients may face Covid-19 at home without adequate resources, information, or support for home-based care. This editorial proposes three approaches to prevent needless suffering and ensure that this vulnerable population continues to receive needed care.
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Preventive medicine · Apr 2021
Association between physical activity and subjective memory decline triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the PAMPA cohort.
Implementation of social distancing reduced the incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases. Nevertheless, this strategy has other undesirable effects such as physical inactivity and psychological distress, which are associated with cognitive impairment. We aimed to examine whether physical activity during social distancing restrictions could reduce the risk of subjective memory decline in adults. ⋯ Participants were less likely to experience subjective memory decline if they either became (PR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.36, 0.89) or remained (PR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.49, 0.93) physically active compared to inactive respondents. Physical activity participation during social distancing reduced the likelihood of subjective memory decline in adults. Physical activity should be highlighted as a potential alternative to reduce the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive function and mental health.