Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Physical inactivity amplifies the negative association between sleep quality and depressive symptoms.
Poor sleep quality and physical inactivity are known risk factors for depressive symptoms. Yet, whether these factors differently contribute to depressive symptoms and whether they interact with one another remains unclear. Here, we examined how sleep quality and physical activity influence depressive symptoms in 79,274 adults 50 years of age or older (52.4% women) from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) study. ⋯ The negative association between poor sleep quality and higher depressive symptoms was stronger in physically inactive than active participants. These findings suggest that, in adults 50 years of age or older, both poor sleep quality and physical inactivity are related to an increase in depressive symptoms. Moreover, the detrimental association between poor sleep quality and depressive symptoms is amplified in physically inactive individuals.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Impact assessment of a provider-targeted national vaccine messaging campaign on human papillomavirus vaccination rates among US adolescent males.
Initial uptake of the cancer-preventative human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in the US was slow, especially among adolescent males. To address this, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) partnered with the Hager Sharp communications development company to launch a national campaign in 2015 to improve physician counseling and rebrand the vaccine as cancer prevention. In this study, we compared HPV vaccination rates among 13-17-year-old males before (2010-2014) and after (2015-2019) the CDC-Hager Sharp campaign using National Immunization Survey-Teen data to determine the potential impact of this campaign on improving vaccine uptake among adolescent males. ⋯ Together, these data suggest that the campaign contributed to the observed increase in HPV vaccine uptake among adolescent males. Although sociodemographic disparities were identified, the greater improvement in vaccination rates observed among individuals with higher socio-demographic status may simply reflect their relatively poorer rates of initial vaccine uptake. Overall, the data suggest that provider-targeted campaigns can be a useful tool to boost vaccinations and should be considered for inclusion in future vaccination campaigns.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Physical activity trajectories, autonomic balance and cognitive function: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study.
Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in cognitive health. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Cardiac autonomic balance is influenced by PA and implicated in dementia pathogenesis. ⋯ Meeting and exceeding MVPA guidelines were related to better autonomic balance overall, and to improved semantic fluency performance. Statistically, the association between higher MVPA level and verbal ability was mediated by SDNN and RMSSD, but not by RHR. In our sample of young and middle-aged adults, higher MVPA levels over time were associated with better cardiac autonomic function, which explained some of the associations between PA trajectories and better cognition.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Demographic factors, psychiatric and physical comorbidities associated with starting preexposure prophylaxis in a nationally distributed cohort.
Due to a large number of small studies and limited control for confounding, existing evidence regarding patient characteristics associated with PrEP initiation is inconsistent. We used a large electronic health record cohort to determine which demographic, physical morbidity and psychiatric conditions are associated with PrEP initiation. Eligible adult (≥18 years) patients were selected from the Optum® de-identified Electronic Health Record dataset (2010-2018). ⋯ PrEP is underutilized, and a race disparity exists in PrEP initiation. In the context of existing research, nicotine dependence/smoking is the patient characteristic most consistently associated lower rates of starting PrEP. Given the high prevalence of smoking in PrEP eligible patients, physicians may want to integrate discussions of smoking cessation in patient-provider decisions to start PrEP.