Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
COVID-19 vaccination is associated with reduced non-COVID in-hospital mortality.
We retrieved data on a cohort of medical patients at a regional Israeli hospital. The dependent variable was non-COVID-19 hospital mortality; the independent variables were vaccination status, age, and laboratory data. ⋯ The odds ratio for in-hospital deaths of non-vaccinated patients was 2.01 (1.65-2.44) (unadjusted) and 1.61 (1.29-2.03) after adjustment for the independent variables. This "healthy adherer effect" may confound observational assessments of the clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Motivations and barriers towards optimal physical activity level: A community-based assessment of 28 EU countries.
Regular physical activity (PA) is one of the most important determinants of a healthy lifestyle and improved physical and mental well-being. Despite the health benefits of regular PA, the studies show low levels of PA among European adolescents and adults. An increase in physical inactivity has been associated with different personal and environmental factors. ⋯ We observed the effects of interactions between making acquaintances, having fun and the type of community on meeting PA recommendations. The effects of interactions between the type of community and barriers to PA such as price, risk of injury, disability / illness, and a lack of motivation on PA recommendations were observed. In conclusion, the motivational factors and barriers to PA are associated with the physical environment, and community-based programs and policies for encouraging PA participation are needed.
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Preventive medicine · Nov 2022
Guidance for setting international standards on reporting longitudinal adherence to stool-based colorectal cancer screening.
Longitudinal adherence to colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is reported using different summarizing measures, which hampers international comparison. We provide evidence to guide recommendations on which longitudinal adherence measure to report. Using adherence data over four stool-based CRC screening rounds in three countries, we calculated six summarizing adherence measures; adherence over all rounds, adherence per round, rescreening, full programme adherence (yes/no), regularity (never/inconsistent/consistent screenees) and number of times participated. ⋯ To conclude, number of times participated and regularity were most accurate and resulted in similar model-predicted screening effectiveness as using the observed adherence patterns. However they require longitudinal data. To facilitate international comparison of CRC screening programme performance, consensus on an accurate adherence measure to report should be reached.