Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Modelling the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on bowel cancer screening outcomes in England: A decision analysis to prepare for future screening disruption.
The English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme invites people between the ages of 60 and 74 to take a Faecal Immunochemical Test every two years. This programme was interrupted during the coronavirus pandemic. The research aimed: (1) to estimate the impact of colorectal cancer (CRC) Faecal Immunochemical Test screening pauses of different lengths and the actual coronavirus-related screening pause in England, and (2) to analyse the most effective and cost-effective strategies to re-start CRC screening to prepare for future disruptions. ⋯ Pausing screening for longer would result in greater additional CRC cases and deaths. Postponing screening for everyone would be the most cost-effective strategy to minimise the impact of screening disruption without any additional endoscopy capacity. If endoscopy capacity can be increased, temporarily raising the Faecal Immunochemical Test threshold to 190 μg/g may help to minimise CRC deaths, particularly if screening programmes start from age 50 in the future.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Adverse childhood experiences, diabetes and associated conditions, preventive care practices and healthcare access: A population-based study.
Our objective was to examine how Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with diabetes mellitus, diabetes-related conditions, and preventive care practices. We used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2009-2012, a cross-sectional, population-based survey, to assess ACEs, diabetes, and health care access in 179,375 adults. In those with diabetes (n = 21,007), we assessed the association of ACEs with myocardial infarction, stroke, and five Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) diabetes-related preventive-care objectives (n = 13,152). ⋯ Finally, ACEs predicted worse health care access in a stepwise fashion for all indicators. In conclusion, ACEs are associated with greater prevalence of diabetes and associated disease conditions, and with meeting fewer HP2020 prevention goals. Implementing ACE screening and trauma-informed health care practices are thus recommended.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Perceived risk for diabetes among U.S. adults with undiagnosed prediabetes.
The purpose was to examine the degree to which perceived risk for diabetes differed by race and ethnicity among U. S. adults with undiagnosed prediabetes. The study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from 4005 participants (aged ≥20 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) program between 2011 and 2018. ⋯ Identifying as Hispanic was associated with a 29% higher likelihood of reporting no perceived risk compared to identifying as Non-Hispanic White (OR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.66). Healthcare factors may have less influence on diabetes risk perception. Future public health efforts should improve diabetes risk communication efforts across racial and ethnic groups, emphasizing Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Randomized Controlled TrialPerceived effectiveness of added-sugar warning label designs for U.S. restaurant menus: An online randomized controlled trial.
Added-sugar consumption in the U. S. exceeds recommended limits. Policymakers are considering requiring restaurants to use menu warning labels to indicate items high in added sugar. ⋯ In conclusion, relative to a control label, icon-only and icon-plus-text added-sugar menu labels were perceived as effective and helped consumers identify items high in added sugar. Menu warning labels may be a promising strategy for reducing added-sugar consumption from restaurants, but research on behavioral effects in real-world settings is needed. Clinical Trials Identifier:NCT04637412.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Longitudinal associations between different measures of socioeconomic status and health behavior among adolescents. Data from a wealthy Italian region.
We investigate the association between socio-economic status and unhealthy behaviors among adolescents. By using different measures of socio-economic status, we capture both subjective aspects, as operationalized by perceived family affluence, and objective aspects, such as parents' educational levels and family affluence scale. We use data from a sample of 11,623 adolescents who participated in the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in 2007, 2010, and 2014 in the Lombardy region of Italy. ⋯ However, adolescents with at least one university educated parent are more likely to make use of cannabis. When controlling for all of our SES measures simultaneously, we find that family affluence scale is no longer significant in determining adolescents' behaviors. Our findings suggest that, when focusing on health inequalities among adolescents, self-perceptions and non-material dimensions of SES have more explanatory power than its material dimensions.