Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
ReviewFamily socioeconomic status and childhood adiposity in Europe - A scoping review.
Childhood obesity is a considerable public health problem worldwide. In Europe, lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) relates to higher childhood adiposity. This scoping review strives to discover, which SES indicators are the most commonly used and meaningful determinants of childhood adiposity (greater level of continuous adiposity indicator, e.g. body mass index z-score, or overweight or obesity categorized by established definitions). ⋯ Parents' employment appears to differ from other SES indicators, so that having an employed parent(s) does not associate with lower likelihood of adiposity. Positive associations seem to occur more frequently in poorer countries. Criteria for uniform childhood SES and adiposity measures should be established and used in studies in order to be able to produce comparable results across countries.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
The influence of civic associations and exposure to ideological heterogeneity on public views on mask wearing and social distancing.
Mask wearing and social distancing have been essential public health guidelines throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, but faced resistance from skeptical subgroups in the United States, including Republicans and evangelicals. We examined the effects of participation in ideologically heterogeneous civic associations on attitudes toward public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among partisan and religious subgroups most resistant to public health guidelines. We analyzed panel survey data from a nationally representative cohort of 1222 U. ⋯ Evangelicals in ideologically diverse associations were also more likely to support social distancing compared to those in ideologically homogenous associations (0.089, p ≤ .05). Participation in civic associations with ideologically heterogeneous members was associated with greater support for public health measures among skeptical subgroups. Encouraging exposure to diverse ideologies may bolster support for public health measures to mitigate COVID-19.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Modelling the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on bowel cancer screening outcomes in England: A decision analysis to prepare for future screening disruption.
The English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme invites people between the ages of 60 and 74 to take a Faecal Immunochemical Test every two years. This programme was interrupted during the coronavirus pandemic. The research aimed: (1) to estimate the impact of colorectal cancer (CRC) Faecal Immunochemical Test screening pauses of different lengths and the actual coronavirus-related screening pause in England, and (2) to analyse the most effective and cost-effective strategies to re-start CRC screening to prepare for future disruptions. ⋯ Pausing screening for longer would result in greater additional CRC cases and deaths. Postponing screening for everyone would be the most cost-effective strategy to minimise the impact of screening disruption without any additional endoscopy capacity. If endoscopy capacity can be increased, temporarily raising the Faecal Immunochemical Test threshold to 190 μg/g may help to minimise CRC deaths, particularly if screening programmes start from age 50 in the future.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Perceived stress and E-cigarette use during emerging adulthood: A longitudinal examination of initiation, progression, and continuation.
E-cigarettes are the most commonly used tobacco product among youth and young adults in the US. Limited research has examined how stress impacts e-cigarette use among young people. We examine the longitudinal associations between perceived stress scale (PSS) score and e-cigarette use behaviors among a diverse cohort of emerging adults. ⋯ PSS at baseline was not associated with e-cigarette initiation among never users. PSS predicted greater risk of e-cigarette progression and continuation but not initiation among a diverse cohort of emerging adults. E-cigarette prevention and cessation strategies should consider perceived stress an important risk factor for e-cigarette use during emerging adulthood.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Randomized Controlled TrialPerceived effectiveness of added-sugar warning label designs for U.S. restaurant menus: An online randomized controlled trial.
Added-sugar consumption in the U. S. exceeds recommended limits. Policymakers are considering requiring restaurants to use menu warning labels to indicate items high in added sugar. ⋯ In conclusion, relative to a control label, icon-only and icon-plus-text added-sugar menu labels were perceived as effective and helped consumers identify items high in added sugar. Menu warning labels may be a promising strategy for reducing added-sugar consumption from restaurants, but research on behavioral effects in real-world settings is needed. Clinical Trials Identifier:NCT04637412.