Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Randomized Controlled TrialPerceived effectiveness of added-sugar warning label designs for U.S. restaurant menus: An online randomized controlled trial.
Added-sugar consumption in the U. S. exceeds recommended limits. Policymakers are considering requiring restaurants to use menu warning labels to indicate items high in added sugar. ⋯ In conclusion, relative to a control label, icon-only and icon-plus-text added-sugar menu labels were perceived as effective and helped consumers identify items high in added sugar. Menu warning labels may be a promising strategy for reducing added-sugar consumption from restaurants, but research on behavioral effects in real-world settings is needed. Clinical Trials Identifier:NCT04637412.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
ReviewFamily socioeconomic status and childhood adiposity in Europe - A scoping review.
Childhood obesity is a considerable public health problem worldwide. In Europe, lower parental socioeconomic status (SES) relates to higher childhood adiposity. This scoping review strives to discover, which SES indicators are the most commonly used and meaningful determinants of childhood adiposity (greater level of continuous adiposity indicator, e.g. body mass index z-score, or overweight or obesity categorized by established definitions). ⋯ Parents' employment appears to differ from other SES indicators, so that having an employed parent(s) does not associate with lower likelihood of adiposity. Positive associations seem to occur more frequently in poorer countries. Criteria for uniform childhood SES and adiposity measures should be established and used in studies in order to be able to produce comparable results across countries.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
COVID-19 vaccine behaviors and intentions among a national sample of United States adults ages 18-45.
Vaccination for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 illness, is an important public health tool to reduce hospitalizations and deaths. ⋯ Several demographic variables, vaccine attitudes, and healthcare experiences were found to contribute to COVID-19 vaccine receipt and intentions. Targeted efforts are necessary to increase uptake of the vaccine in the U.S.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Adverse childhood experiences, diabetes and associated conditions, preventive care practices and healthcare access: A population-based study.
Our objective was to examine how Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with diabetes mellitus, diabetes-related conditions, and preventive care practices. We used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2009-2012, a cross-sectional, population-based survey, to assess ACEs, diabetes, and health care access in 179,375 adults. In those with diabetes (n = 21,007), we assessed the association of ACEs with myocardial infarction, stroke, and five Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) diabetes-related preventive-care objectives (n = 13,152). ⋯ Finally, ACEs predicted worse health care access in a stepwise fashion for all indicators. In conclusion, ACEs are associated with greater prevalence of diabetes and associated disease conditions, and with meeting fewer HP2020 prevention goals. Implementing ACE screening and trauma-informed health care practices are thus recommended.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2022
Brazilian smokers are ready for the ban on flavour additives in tobacco to be implemented.
Brazil became the first country to approve a national policy to ban all flavour additives in all tobacco leaf products in 2012. However, as of February 2022, the policy remained to be implemented. Cross-sectional data come from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Brazil Wave 3 Survey among adult smokers (N = 1216) in 2016-2017. ⋯ More than half of menthol smokers reported they would either quit or reduce the amount they smoked if menthol cigarettes were banned. Findings suggest that there is support for Brazil's ban on flavour additives, which is a determinant of successful policy implemented. Continued delays will postpone an important measure with demonstrated public health gains.