Preventive medicine
-
Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Cumulative burden and trajectories of body mass index and blood pressure from childhood and carotid intima-media thickness in young adulthood.
There are significant gaps in understanding of the association between levels and rate of change of body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) at different ages during childhood and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in adulthood. We investigated the association between trajectories of BMI and BP from childhood to adulthood and adult CIMT among Iranian participants in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) cohort. A total of 1334 participants (692 men), from the TLGS cohort (1999-2018) with repeated measurements of BMI and BP (2-6 times) from childhood (3-18 years) to young adulthood (20-40 years) were selected. ⋯ Further, levels of BMI (ORs: 1.23 to 1.29) and DBP (ORs: 1.25 to 1.33) during the ages of 13-18 and 11-17 years, respectively, were significantly associated with CIMT in adulthood (all P < 0.05). The cumulative burden of BMI and DBP was associated with CIMT in adulthood. Adolescence is a crucial period for high CIMT, which has implications for early prevention of atherosclerosis.
-
Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Long-term trend of future Cancer onset: A model-based prediction of Cancer incidence and onset age by region and gender.
This study provided estimates of cancer incidence rate and onset age by Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions and gender from 2020 to 2040, aiming to clarify the long-term patterns of future cancer onset. ⋯ From 2020 to 2040, the incidence and onset age changes demonstrate marked geographic and gender variations in the cancer spectrum. Cancer incidence and onset age are predicted to continuously increase worldwide in the future.
-
Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
Pedestrian-oriented zoning moderates the relationship between racialized economic segregation and active travel to work, United States.
Pedestrian-oriented zoning, including zoning code reforms (ZCR), may be especially beneficial to racially and economically segregated communities, which may lack built environment features that support physical activity. This study examined associations between racialized economic segregation, measured by quintiles of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes, and public transit (PTW) and active travel (ATW) to work, and whether associations were moderated by pedestrian-oriented zoning provisions and ZCR, respectively. ⋯ Pedestrian-oriented zoning can provide opportunities for ATW in the most deprived communities. Work is needed to explore zoning policy implementation in those communities.
-
Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
The importance of using disease causal models in studies of preventive interventions: Learning from preeclampsia research.
Interventions aimed at preventing disease are commonly studied as strategies of primary or secondary prevention. Unfortunately, this dichotomy can be misleading, and studies might unknowingly exclude people at high risk of the disease that could benefit from the intervention. Here I use the example of aspirin for prevention of preeclampsia to illustrate this problem. ⋯ Explicitly illustrating disease causal models helps to identify those individuals that are most likely to benefit from risk reduction, regardless of whether they were previously afflicted by the disease. This is beneficial when designing studies and when implementing preventive interventions.
-
Preventive medicine · Dec 2023
ReviewEffectiveness of filtering or decontaminating air to reduce or prevent respiratory infections: A systematic review.
Installation of technologies to remove or deactivate respiratory pathogens from indoor air is a plausible non-pharmaceutical infectious disease control strategy. ⋯ Although environmental and surface samples are reduced after air treatment by several air treatment strategies, especially germicidal lights and high efficiency particulate air filtration, robust evidence has yet to emerge that these technologies are effective at reducing respiratory or gastrointestinal infections in real world settings. Data from several randomised trials have yet to report and will be welcome to the evidence base.