Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Randomized Controlled TrialHPV self-sampling among cervical cancer screening users in Spain: A randomized clinical trial of on-site training to increase the acceptability.
A randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the impact of two different instructions on vaginal self-sampling in its acceptability and willingness for future screening rounds among women attending cervical cancer screening (CCS). From November 2018 to May 2021, women aged 30-65 living in Spain attending CCS were randomized 1:1 in two arms. In the "On-site training arm (TRA)", women took a self-sample at the primary health care centre following provider's instructions. ⋯ It is an option to consider when moving to self-sampling in established CCS. Preferred delivery sites most likely contextual. Registration on ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05314907.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Longitudinal trajectories of smoking status using 25 year annually-updated data and all-cause mortality followed over 30 years: A community-based prospective cohort study.
We aimed to evaluate the long-term risk of smoking for all-cause mortality according to smoking status trajectories using 25-year annually-repeated input, traced by group-based trajectory modeling with an extension to account for non-random participant attrition or truncation due to death. We examined 2682 men and 4317 women aged 40 to 59 years who participated in annual health checks for the community-based prospective cohort study, 1975-1984 enrollment in Japan. The main outcome measure was all-cause mortality (follow-up period: median 30.2 years in men and 32.2 years in women). ⋯ Among community residents aged 40 to 59 years, 25-year-trajectory-based lifelong smokers had an approximately 30% increased risk for all-cause mortality compared to one-time-point-based smokers. Risk of all-cause mortality among smokers with earlier cessation varied materially. It is necessary to consider the trajectories of smoking status to clarify the long-term excess risk of smoking.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
Association of influenza vaccination or influenza virus infection history with subsequent infection risk among children: The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS).
We measured the association between history of influenza vaccination by age 2 years and influenza virus (IFV) infection at ages 3 and 4 years by relative risk reduction. We also examined the association between history of IFV infection by age 2 years and recurrent IFV infection at age 3 years. This study included 73,666 children from a large Japanese birth cohort. ⋯ One-season-prior IFV infection increased the relative risk of recurrent infection at age 3 years (1.72-3.33). In conclusion, influenza vaccination-induced protection may partly extend to the next season. Owing to the relative risk reduction by influenza vaccination and the increased relative risk of IFV infection from prior-season infection, annual influenza vaccination is recommended.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
ReviewPolicy, systems, and environmental interventions addressing physical activity in early childhood education settings: A systematic review.
Policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) approaches can facilitate physical activity in priority populations (e.g., racial and ethnic minority, low wealth groups) within early childhood education (ECE) settings. The purpose of this review was to 1) characterize the inclusion of priority populations within ECE physical activity interventions containing PSE approaches and 2) identify and describe interventions within these populations. Seven databases were systematically searched (January 2000-Febrary 2022) for ECE-based interventions focusing on children (0-6 years) that utilized at least one PSE approach. ⋯ In Aim 2, of the 12 interventions assessing child physical activity in priority populations, 9/12 reported at least one physical activity outcome in the expected direction. Of the 11 interventions assessing the physical activity environment, 9/11 reported an effect in the expected direction. Findings indicate clear opportunities exist to target priority populations by incorporating PSE approaches in ECE physical activity interventions.
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Preventive medicine · Aug 2023
How are hearing loss and physical activity related? Analysis from the English longitudinal study of ageing.
Although cross-sectional studies suggest that hearing loss in middle- and older-aged adults is associated with lower physical activity, longitudinal evidence is limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential bi-directional association between hearing loss and physical activity over time. Participants were from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (N = 11,292) who were 50-years or older at baseline assessment (1998-2000). ⋯ These findings highlight the importance of addressing physical activity in middle- and older-aged adults with hearing loss. As physical activity is a modifiable behaviour that can reduce the risk of developing chronic health conditions, individuals with hearing loss may need additional, tailored support to be more physically active. Mitigating the decline in physical activity could be essential to support healthy ageing for adults with hearing loss.