Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Establishing spirituality as an intermediary determinant of health among 42,843 children from eight countries.
The World Health Organization (WHO) Commission on the Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) conceptual framework identifies socio-economic position as a structural determinant of health. Recognized intermediary determinants include biological, behavioural, and psychosocial factors. We examined whether connections afforded by a healthy spirituality potentially act as unrecognized intermediary determinants in adolescent populations, contributing to inequities in mental health. ⋯ Among the four Eastern European countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland), our findings did not support aspects of the CSDH framework that focus on affluence as a direct determinant of health. Spiritual health potentially is an intermediary determinant of children's health in some Western countries, but not in Eastern countries. The universality of social determinants of health models and the measures used in their evaluation require careful assessment across cultures, political contexts, and health outcomes.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Adherence to a healthy sleep pattern and risk of urologic cancers: A large prospective cohort study.
A variety of unhealthy sleep behaviors have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of urologic cancers. However, little is known about the association between the overall sleep patterns and urologic cancers. To prospectively investigate the associations between a healthy sleep pattern and the risks of urologic cancers, including bladder cancer (BCa) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). ⋯ Our results indicate that a healthy sleep pattern is associated with lower risks of urologic cancers.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
The association between Life's Essential 8 and all-cause, cancer and non-cancer mortality in US Cancer Survivors: A retrospective cohort study of NHANES.
To investigate Life's Essential 8 (LE8), a measure of cardiovascular health (CVH), associations with mortality outcomes in cancer survivors. ⋯ Among U.S. cancer survivors, higher CVH is independently linked to lower all-cause, cancer-specific, and non-cancer mortality risks. The new CVH definition shows promise as a primary prevention strategy to reduce mortality rates in U.S. cancer survivors.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Association of initial opioid prescription duration and an opioid refill by pain diagnosis: Evidence from outpatient settings in ten US health systems.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2022 Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Pain cautioned that inflexible opioid prescription duration limits may harm patients. Information about the relationship between initial opioid prescription duration and a subsequent refill could inform prescribing policies and practices to optimize patient outcomes. We assessed the association between initial opioid duration and an opioid refill prescription. ⋯ Long-term prescription opioid use increased modestly with initial opioid prescription duration for most but not all pain diagnoses examined.
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Preventive medicine · Feb 2024
Cannabis use and the prevalence of current asthma among adolescents and adults in the United States.
Cannabis use has increased among adolescents and adults in the United States (US) in recent years. Few data are available on the prevalence of asthma by frequency of cannabis use. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of asthma by frequency of past 30-day cannabis use among US individuals. ⋯ Findings suggest a dose-response relationship between frequency of current cannabis use and the prevalence of current asthma in the US individuals.