Preventive medicine
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2024
Changing eating to manage weight or shape: A cross-sectional and prospective study of the prevalence and correlates in a large Canadian adolescent cohort.
The present study examined reports of changing eating to manage weight/shape over one year among adolescents. It also tested how changing eating for weight/shape was associated with physical activity (resistance training, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; MVPA) and mental health (depressive symptoms, flourishing), and whether weight perceptions moderated these associations. ⋯ Reports of changing eating to manage weight/shape were associated with divergent health outcomes; research into how and to what extreme adolescents are changing eating to manage weight/shape, and identity factors that may contribute to these differences, is warranted.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2024
Association between walking pace and risks of major chronic diseases in individuals with hypertension based on a prospective study in UK Biobank: Involvement of inflammation.
Walking pace is associated with risks of major chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) in the general population. However, whether increasing walking pace could reduce risks of major chronic diseases in individuals with hypertension remains to be explored, and the underlying mechanism potentially mediated by low-grade inflammation is also unclear. ⋯ Brisk walking pace was linked to reduced risks of major chronic diseases in individuals with hypertension, partially mediated by low-grade inflammation. Improving walking pace may be beneficial for health in individuals with hypertension.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2024
Review Meta AnalysisHow may we effectively motivate people to reduce the consumption of meat? Results of a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Excessive meat consumption (MC) is associated with multiple health risks. Additionally, it can undermine environmental sustainability and affect the potential improvement of animal welfare. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of literacy interventions (LIs) in reducing MC. ⋯ Informing about health risks related to MC temporarily decreased its intake, while informing about the impact on environmental sustainability or animal welfare was ineffective. Furthermore, long-lasting LIs achieve long-term dietary change toward MC.
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Preventive medicine · Jul 2024
Perceptions of a reduced nicotine policy and predictors of policy support: A nationally representative U.S. survey.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is considering a policy to reduce nicotine in cigarettes to non-addictive levels. Although current evidence supports the public-health benefits of a reduced-nicotine policy, almost half of people who smoke (∼ 40%) do not support the policy. This study estimates the factors most strongly associated with support or opposition toward the policy, including tobacco use status, perceived effects of a reduced nicotine policy, trust in the FDA, and psychological distress. The study aims to inform messaging campaigns and policy makers. ⋯ Educational campaigns about reduced nicotine policy should expect higher impact by targeting prevalent perceptions and those more strongly associated with policy sentiment. In anticipation of the policy rollout, there may be a critical window to shape public opinion.