Anticancer research
-
Anticancer research · Jan 2017
ReviewAdvances in Experimental Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Patients with Glioblastoma Multiforme.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) represents the most malignant primary brain tumor in adults with generally dismal prognosis, early clinical deterioration and high mortality. GBM is extremely invasive, characterized by intense and aberrant vascularization and high resistance to multimodal treatment. Standard therapy (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide) has very limited effectiveness, with median overall survival of patients no longer than 15 months. ⋯ The novel possibilities of cancer immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors, are being evaluated in clinical trials of patients with GBM. The most recent clinical experiences with targeted therapy as well as immunotherapy of GBM are given in this review. The relative lack of success of some of these approaches recently revealed in well-designed randomized clinical trials is also discussed.
-
Anticancer research · Jan 2017
ReviewClinical Implications of High-mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1) and the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) in Cutaneous Malignancy: A Systematic Review.
Inflammation and the immune system play a role in the development and progression of melanoma, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting effects of the high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) have been investigated in these cutaneous malignancies. The clinical implication of these molecules is not fully described. ⋯ Sporadic extracellular expression of HMGB1 was evident in BCC and SCC lesions, which could be released by necrotic tumor cells. HMGB1 was found to be a prognostic marker in melanoma, and HMGB1 levels were elevated in patients who were non-responders to ipilimumab treatment. HMGB1 and RAGE could serve as potential prognostic markers or therapeutic targets in treating melanoma, BCC, and SCC, but further research regarding the clinical utility of the HMGB1-RAGE axis in cutaneous malignancies is warranted.
-
Anticancer research · Nov 2016
Consequences of an Early PSA Response to Enzalutamide Treatment for Japanese Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.
Recent studies have shown that an early prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response to androgen receptor (AR)-targeting agents in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is associated with a better prognosis. We analyzed early PSA response to enzalutamide and oncological outcomes to study their prognostic significance in the Japanese population. ⋯ An early PSA response to enzalutamide was significantly associated with a longer rPFS and OS. This information will aid in the management of patients treated with enzalutamide.
-
Anticancer research · Oct 2016
The Influence of Cyst Emptying, Lymph Node Resection and Chemotherapy on Survival in Stage IA and IC1 Epithelial Ovarian Cancer.
To determine if survival in stage I ovarian cancer is influenced by cyst emptying, lymph node resection and chemotherapy. ⋯ In stage IA ovarian cancer, controlled cyst emptying without spill does not worsen prognosis. Lymph node resection is associated with improved survival in stage IA and IC1. Chemotherapy should only be offered where randomized controlled studies have shown a benefit.
-
Anticancer research · Sep 2016
Prognostic Significance of Solid and Micropapillary Components in Invasive Lung Adenocarcinomas Measuring ≤3 cm.
We aimed to analyze the clinical impact of solid and micropapillary components in a series of Japanese patients resected for ≤3 cm lung adenocarcinoma. ⋯ S+ and/or MP+ status predict worse prognosis in patients with acinar- and papillary-predominant lung adenocarcinoma.