Journal of neuroimmunology
-
Exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) displays mixed regulatory properties with regard to inflammatory gene expression in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells. We show here that endogenously-produced nanomolar concentrations of PGE2, such as that generated in response to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulation, inhibits both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) mRNA expression in DRG cells in an EP4 receptor-dependent manner. DRG neurons appear to be the major source of PGE2 in the DRG and likely serve as both an autocrine and paracrine system for limiting over-activation of both DRG neurons and glial cells in response to TLR4 stimulation.
-
The visual acuity prognoses of patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are worse than those with optic neuritis (ON) caused by other diseases. Predicting the prognoses of ON at the time of onset is important for selecting treatments for NMO patients. ⋯ The ON lesion length in the acute phase was an important predictor of the visual prognoses of NMO patients.