Klinische Pädiatrie
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Klinische Pädiatrie · Jan 1994
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial[Effectiveness and tolerance of cefixime in comparison with penicillin V in bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children. Cefixime Study Group].
154 children aged 2 to 12 years with clinical diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis and--in most of the patients--a positive enzyme immunoassay for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci before therapy were enrolled in this open controlled randomized and multicenter trial. The children received either 8 mg/kg bodyweight cefixime once daily or 20,000 I. E. pencillin V/kg bodyweight t.i.d. ⋯ Mild side effects were reported by 4 patients in the cefixime group and by 3 children treated with penicillin V (1 drop out each). These results show that cefixime once daily is at least as effective as penicillin V t.i.d. in pharyngitis and tonsillitis in children. Both compounds are well tolerated.
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Klinische Pädiatrie · Jan 1994
Hepatitis C contributes to liver disease in children and adolescents with hemophilia.
Non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis plays a major role in liver disease in hemophiliacs. HCV is known to be the predominant cause for blood-borne NANB hepatitis. A cross-sectional study for anti-HCV and anti-HIV-1 antibodies in sera, presence of HBsAg in sera and liver function tests was conducted in 116 male patients with hemophilia (mean age: 14.6 years) in order to study the impact of hepatitis C as well as the significance of concurrent hepatitis B and HIV infection on the liver disease in hemophilic children and adolescents. 56.9% of the patients tested seropositive for anti-HCV; the mean age of the anti-HCV positive group was higher than that of the anti-HCV seronegative group (15.9 versus 11.9 years). ⋯ The liver function tests revealed an abnormal result in 47% of the anti-HIV-1 positive patients compared to 20.7% in the anti-HIV-1 negative group. In conclusion, a high seroprevalence for anti-HCV is detected in young patients with hemophilia which is associated with liver disease in a considerable number of patients when assessed by liver function tests. The coinfection of HCV and HBV seems to increase the risk of liver as also does concurrent HIV-1 infection, which is assumed to contribute to liver disease in a yet unexplained way.
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Klinische Pädiatrie · Jan 1994
[Effectiveness and complications of percutaneous central venous catheters in neonatal intensive care].
Low birth weight babies and sick full-term babies, who require total parenteral nutrition and repeated intravenous applications of drugs, which irritate peripheral veins, very often need a reliable central venous catheter. The aim of our paper was to study prospectively the efficiency and the complications of peripheral percutaneous Silastic-catheters. ⋯ The mean duration of use was 13.7 days, the catheter-induced septicaemia-rate was 3.5%. We never saw serious complications of a central venous catheter, the most common complication was an intravasal central obstruction, but we found no relation between the occurrence-risk of complications, the duration of use and the infusion flow rate.