Journal of the American College of Cardiology
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Sep 2017
Review Meta AnalysisInferior Vena Cava Filters to Prevent Pulmonary Embolism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Inferior vena cava (IVC) filters are widely used for prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE). However, uncertainty persists about their efficacy and safety. ⋯ Very few prospective controlled studies, with limited quality of evidence, exist regarding the efficacy and safety of IVC filters. Overall, filters appear to reduce the risk of subsequent PE, increase the risk for DVT, and have no significant effect on overall mortality.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Sep 2017
ReviewDefibrillation for Ventricular Fibrillation: A Shocking Update.
Cardiac arrest is defined as the termination of cardiac activity associated with loss of consciousness, of spontaneous breathing, and of circulation. Sudden cardiac arrest and sudden cardiac death (SCD) are terms often used interchangeably. ⋯ We restrict SCD hereafter to cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation, including rhythms shockable by an automatic external defibrillator (AED), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), or wearable cardioverter-defibrillator (WCD). We summarize the state of the art related to defibrillation in treating SCD, including a brief history of the evolution of defibrillation, technical characteristics of modern AEDs, strategies to improve AED access and increase survival, ancillary treatments, and use of ICDs or WCDs.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Sep 2017
Multicenter Study Observational StudyCare Patterns and Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With and Without Diabetes: ORBIT-AF Registry.
Diabetes is a well-established risk factor for thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but less is known about how diabetes influences outcomes among AF patients. ⋯ Among AF patients, diabetes was associated with worse AF symptoms and lower quality of life, and increased risk of death and hospitalizations, but not thromboembolic or bleeding events.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Sep 2017
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyIvabradine in Children With Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Symptomatic Chronic Heart Failure.
Heart rate reduction as a therapeutic target has been investigated in adults with heart failure (HF). Ivabradine has shown promising efficacy, but has not been evaluated in children. Currently, treatment recommendations for chronic pediatric HF are based mainly on chronic HF guidelines for adults. ⋯ Ivabradine safely reduced the resting heart rate of children with chronic HF and dilated cardiomyopathy. Ivabradine's effect on heart rate was variable, highlighting the importance of dose titration. Ivabradine treatment improved left ventricular ejection fraction, and clinical status and QOL showed favorable trends. (Determination of the efficacious and safe dose of ivabradine in paediatric patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and symptomatic chronic heart failure from ages 6 months to 18 years; ISRCTN60567801).
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Sep 2017
ReviewOptimizing Cholesterol Treatment in Patients With Muscle Complaints.
Statins are highly effective for preventing cardiovascular events by reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). However, many patients taking statins report muscle-related symptoms that prevent the use of guideline recommended doses. ⋯ Clinical strategies that optimize cardiovascular risk reduction through LDL-C lowering need to be applied in patients experiencing intolerable side effects that they attribute to statins. In this paper, the authors review definitions of statin intolerance, propose algorithms to better define statin intolerance, and describe approaches to optimize cardiovascular risk reduction among individuals reporting statin-associated muscle symptoms.