Resuscitation
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This report describes an unusual case of partial transsection of the neonatal trachea after intubation. Mucosal injury led to the formation of a balloon-shaped, air-filled cyst that did not allow ventilation of the airways either via a tracheal tube or with a face mask. Several minutes after death, the cyst had collapsed and bag and mask ventilation produced adequate chest movements.
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Comparative Study
Splanchnic and renal blood flow after cardiopulmonary resuscitation with epinephrine and vasopressin in pigs.
In laboratory investigations, vasopressin given during CPR resulted in improved vital organ blood flow when compared with epinephrine. Given the profound and long lasting vasopressor effects of vasopressin, we tested the hypothesis that vasopressin given during CPR would result in renal and splanchnic hypoperfusion in the post-resuscitation period when compared with epinephrine. After 4 min of ventricular fibrillation, 16 pigs were randomly assigned to receive either 0.045 mg x kg(-1) epinephrine or 0.4 U X kg(-1) vasopressin before defibrillation. ⋯ Thirty minutes after ROSC, renal and adrenal blood flow were significantly lower in the vasopressin group (300 [273-334] and 256 [170-284] ml X min(-1) x 100 g(-1)) (median and 25th and 75th percentile) as compared with the epinephrine group (370 [346-429] and 360 [326-420] ml x min(-1) x 100 g(-1); P < 0.05). Pancreatic, intestinal, and hepatic blood flow were not significantly different in animals after receiving epinephrine or vasopressin. In comparison to epinephrine, vasopressin given during cardiac arrest impairs renal and adrenal perfusion temporarily but does not lead to intestinal or hepatic hypoperfusion in the post-resuscitation phase.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of standard and a modified method of two resuscitator adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation: description of a new system for research into advanced life support skills.
The study compares two methods of Advanced Life Support by a pair of resuscitators using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) technique. Standard two resuscitator cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was compared with a modified method of two resuscitator CPR. During the modified CPR one resuscitator held the face mask while the other resuscitator alternates between squeezing the self inflating bag and performing simulated cardiac compressions. ⋯ Modified CPR produced a greater tidal volume (TV) (P < 0.001), a slower respiratory rate (RR) (P < 0.001) and a faster compression rate (CR) (P < 0.01) (means with (S. D.): modified CPR: TV 990 (220) ml, RR 6 (1) min(-1), CR 82 (8) min(-1); standard CPR: TV 570 (190) ml, RR 10 (2) min(-1), CR 65 (11) min(-1)). A new method for the simultaneous computerised recording of simulated cardiac compressions together with mask pressure and expired gas composition in anaesthetised patients is described.
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Comparative Study
Vasopressin combined with nitroglycerin increases endocardial perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pigs.
Although vasopressin increases vital organ blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), endocardial perfusion remains suboptimal. This study was designed to assess the effects of vasopressin versus a combination of vasopressin and nitroglycerin on vital organ blood flow in a porcine model of CPR. After 4 min of cardiac arrest, and 3 min of closed-chest compressions, 14 animals were randomly treated with either 0.4 U/kg vasopressin (n = 7) or 0.4 U/kg vasopressin combined with 5 microg/kg nitroglycerin (n = 7). ⋯ Ninety seconds after drug administration, vasopressin combined with nitroglycerin resulted in comparison with vasopressin alone in significantly higher mean (+/- standard error of the mean) left ventricular endocardial blood flow (78+/-7 vs 51+/-5 ml x min(-1) x 100 g(-1); P < 0.05), and a significantly higher endocardial/epicardial perfusion ratio (0.93+/-0.09 vs 0.57+/-0.06; P < 0.05). Seven of seven animals in the vasopressin group, and four of seven animals in the vasopressin and nitroglycerin group (NS) were resuscitated successfully and survived the 2-h observation period. We conclude that, when compared with vasopressin therapy alone, combined vasopressin and nitroglycerin improved endocardial perfusion significantly immediately after drug administration during CPR.