Patient education and counseling
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1) Identify themes arising from nurses' perceptions of assessing older-patients' pain; 2) use themes to guide development of optimal interventions to improve quality of pain assessment in the emergency department (ED). ⋯ The typology framework can guide the development of pain assessment tools and the needed combinations for assessing multidimensional pain in older-patients. Using the present findings, a new clinical intervention was shown to significantly improve pain management for older-patients in the ED.
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Chronic disease patients are affected by low computer and health literacy, which negatively affects their ability to benefit from access to online health information. ⋯ Providers can use eHEALS to help identify patients' eHealth literacy skills.
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Like the population at large, health care providers hold implicit racial and ethnic biases that may contribute to health care disparities. Little progress has been made in identifying and implementing effective strategies to address these normal but potentially harmful unconscious cognitive processes. ⋯ Mindfulness training may also have advantages over current approaches to addressing implicit bias because it focuses on the development of skills through practice, promotes a nonjudgmental approach, can circumvent resistance some providers feel when directly confronted with evidence of racism, and constitutes a holistic approach to promoting providers' well-being. We close with suggestions for how a mindfulness approach can be practically implemented and identify potential challenges and research gaps to be addressed.