Vaccine
-
Meta Analysis
The adjuvanted influenza vaccines with novel adjuvants: experience with the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine.
Elderly people and subjects with underlying chronic diseases are at increased risk for influenza and related complications. Conventional influenza vaccines provide only limited protection in the elderly population. In order to enhance the immune response to influenza vaccines, several adjuvants have been evaluated. ⋯ The higher immunogenicity profile of the MF59-adjuvanted vaccine is maintained also after subsequent immunisations. An even higher adjuvant effect was shown in subjects with low pre-immunisation titre and in those affected by chronic underlying diseases. In conclusion, the addition of MF59 to subunit influenza vaccines enhances significantly the immune response in elderly subjects without causing clinically important changes in the safety profile of the influenza vaccine.
-
This review discusses recent progress in the development of a vaccine against Helicobacter pylori. This progress includes demonstration that: effective immunisation is independent of antibodies but dependent upon CD4+ T helper cells, although their role remains unknown; the immunisation regime can be improved to increase efficacy; successful immunisation against H. pylori is possible using a live vector; a strain of H. pylori suitable for experimental infection of humans has been developed. Important issues that remain to be addressed include incomplete protection, non-availability of suitable mucosal adjuvants and post-immunisation gastritis. Significantly, commercial development of products for clinical trial is underway.