Journal of health economics
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Comparative Study
The demand for elective surgery in a public system: time and money prices in the UK National Health Service.
We construct a model of the admission process for patients from general practices for elective surgery in the UK National Health Service. Public patients face a positive waiting time, but a zero money price. ⋯ Admission rates are negatively related to waiting times and distance to hospital. Practices respond to financial incentives as predicted by the model: fundholding practices have lower admission rates than non-fundholders and respond differently to changes in waiting times and patient characteristics.
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It is estimated that each HIV-positive child in South Africa costs the government more in terms of health and welfare expenses than it does to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV through the use of antiretroviral regimens (where the mother continues to breast-feed). Programmes to reduce MTCT of HIV/AIDS are, thus, clearly affordable. Using Nevirapine (according to the HIVNET 012 Protocol) saves more lives and [corrected] is more cost-effective than using Zidovudine (CDC 2 weeks regime).