European journal of anaesthesiology
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Review Meta Analysis
Effects of melatonin premedication to prevent emergence agitation after general anaesthesia in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.
Emergence agitation is a common phenomenon in children recovering from general anaesthesia. An emergence agitation reaction increases the risk of injuring the surgical repair, the patient and the caregivers. ⋯ Compared with placebo, melatonin premedication may be effective in preventing emergence agitation in children (GRADE: low). This TSA suggests that further studies are required to confirm the results. Compared with midazolam, high-dose melatonin might have a significant effect in preventing emergence agitation (GRADE: very low). The study protocol was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: UMIN000011841).
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Metamizole for postoperative pain therapy in 1177 children: A prospective, multicentre, observational, postauthorisation safety study.
Due to possible serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs), the use of metamizole for postoperative pain therapy in children is a subject of debate. Safety studies with large sample sizes have not been published as yet. ⋯ Single intravenous doses of metamizole used for the prevention or treatment of postoperative pain were well tolerated in more than 1000 children aged up to 6 years. The probability of serious ADRs (haemodynamic, anaphylactic or respiratory reactions) is lower than 0.3%. The sample size and follow-up was not sufficient to detect episodes of agranulocytosis.
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Observational Study
Plasma levels of levobupivacaine during continuous infusion via a wound catheter after major surgery in newborn infants: An observational study.
Epidurals may be challenging in neonatal patients due to technical difficulties relating to insertion and the risk of local anaesthesia toxicity. The use of wound catheters with an infusion of local anaesthetic has been shown to be well tolerated in adults and older children. There are few data concerning wound catheter techniques in neonatal patients. ⋯ The studied infusion regimen was associated with plasma levels of levobupivacaine well below those associated with toxicity. Adequate wound healing, low pain scores and a reduced need for opioids were also noted.
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Observational Study
Systemic and alveolar inflammatory response in the dependent and nondependent lung in patients undergoing lung resection surgery: A prospective observational study.
Measurement of inflammatory mediators in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during lung resection surgery with periods of one-lung ventilation (OLV) has revealed an intense local pulmonary response. The role of each lung in the inflammation that occurs during this procedure has never been investigated. ⋯ In lung resection surgery, the inflammatory response is similar in both lungs. However, the greater increase in TNF-α levels in the nondependent lung and the smaller increase of MMP-2 concentration in the dependent lung may increase the susceptibility to develop PPC.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Preoxygenation by spontaneous breathing or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation with and without positive end-expiratory pressure: A randomised controlled trial.
In emergency situations requiring rapid airway control, shortening preoxygenate time is desirable. ⋯ Compared with spontaneous breathing, positive pressure ventilation with and without PEEP shortened preoxygenation time.