Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
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Historical Article
History of pediatric neurosurgery in the United States and Canada.
Neurosurgery was sporadically practiced on children from prehistoric times until the Harvey Cushing era. The formal development and teaching of the specialty was begun by Franc Ingraham under Cushing's direction in 1929. ⋯ More recently, a number of societies and journals have played important roles in shaping and advancing the specialty. Currently, a proposal to require additional training for certification in pediatric neurosurgery is being considered by several organizations in North America.
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Since 1984 we have been involved in the management of 30 children who had cardiac manifestations secondary to cerebrocranial arteriovenous shunts. Aneurysm malformation of the vein of Galen was the most common vascular lesion observed (73% of cases). In 77% of the patients the cardiac symptoms were the main presenting complaint. ⋯ These results compare favorably with medical and/or surgical management, alone or combined. The technique, challenges, indications and contraindications of endovascular therapy are discussed. Embolization represents an effective adjunct treatment to control, improve or cure the congestive cardiac manifestations caused by cerebrocranial arteriovenous shunts.