Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
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This study aimed to describe the prenatal and postnatal neuroimaging and clinical findings in a clinical series following congenital Zika virus syndrome during the first epidemic Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. ⋯ Severe microcephaly and CNS abnormalities may be associated with congenital ZIKV syndrome.
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Sagittal synostosis affects 1 in 1000 live births and may result in increased intracranial pressure, hindrance of normal neural development, and cosmetic deformity due to scaphocephaly. Historically, several approaches have been utilized for surgical correction and recently, computed tomography (CT)-guided reconstruction procedures are increasingly used. In this report, the authors describe the use of a CT-derived virtual and stereolithographic (3D printed) craniofacial models, which are used to guide intraoperative bone placement, and intraoperative CT guidance for confirmation of bone placement, to ensure the accuracy of surgical correction of scaphocephaly, as demonstrated to parents. ⋯ The addition of neuro-navigation to stereolithographic modeling ensured the accuracy of the reconstruction for our patients and provided greater confidence to both surgeons and parents. While unisutural cases are presented for clarity, correction was still required for one patient. The cost of the models and the additional CT required must be weighed against the complexity of the procedure and possibly reserved for patients with potentially complicated corrections.
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This study aims to evaluate accuracy of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurements obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with craniosynostosis (CS) for detection of high intracranial pressure (ICP) and to correlate MRI-derived ONSD measurements with those obtained by computed tomography (CT) scans in CS patients. ⋯ In CS patients, ONSD measured by MRI represent indirect non-invasive means of ICP assessment. Both MRI and CT measurements of ONSD gave comparable results, and the use of CT-derived ONSD measurements may give some idea about ICP in CS patients.
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In addition to diffuse brain oedema, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can lead to ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, extrapontine myelinolysis, and sinovenous thrombosis. However, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and spinal cord oedema are rarely reported in patients with DKA. ⋯ To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing PRES with spinal cord involvement as a complication of DKA. PRES is a rare complication that should be considered along with other neurological complications of DKA when focal deficits appear.
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Review Case Reports
Management of idiopathic spinal epidural lipomatosis: a case report and review of the literature.
Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL) is a rare pathologic growth of histologically normal unencapsulated adipose tissue in the epidural space. Although rare, SEL can compress the spinal cord or nerve roots causing myelopathy or radiculopathy. While SEL has been associated with long-term exposure to endogenous or exogenous steroids and obesity, idiopathic forms of SEL are much rarer. ⋯ Idiopathic SEL in the pediatric population is a rare entity. This is the first case of epidural lipomatosis isolated to the cervical region in an adult or child patient. In refractory, symptomatic cases of idiopathic SEL, surgical decompression is often required.