European journal of epidemiology
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Although vaccines against influenza can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality, large-scale data on adverse effects in the offspring are scarce. Historical cohort study in Stockholm County, Sweden. We linked H1N1 vaccination data (Pandemrix(®), a mono-valent AS03 adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine) with pregnancy and birth data from 21,087 women with singleton offspring conceived between February 2009 and January 2010 (vaccinated during pregnancy: n = 13,297 vs. unvaccinated: n = 7,790). ⋯ Compared with infants of non-vaccinated women, infants of vaccinated women had similar adjusted ORs (95 % CI) for LBW (0.91; 0.79-1.04), preterm birth (0.99; 0.89-1.10), SGA (0.97; 0.90-1.05), low Apgar score (1.05, 0.84-1.31), and a marginal risk reduction for caesarean section (0.94, 0.89-0.99). H1N1 vaccination during pregnancy, using an AS03-adjuvanted vaccine, does not appear to adversely influence offspring risks of LBW, preterm birth, SGA, or low Apgar score. Our results suggest that this vaccine is safe for the offspring when used in different stages of pregnancy.
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The aim of the reanalysis is to reassess lung cancer risk associated with occupational exposure to diesel motor exhaust in potash miners, while controlling for potential confounders such as smoking and previous occupational history. Our investigation is based on a cohort study of nearly 6,000 German potash miners, who were followed up from 1970 to 2001. The reanalysis also takes into account the employment periods before potash mining, in particular uranium mining. ⋯ The study results give no evidence for an association between REC exposure and lung cancer risk. Only for very high cumulative dose, corresponding to at least 20 years of exposure in the production area, some weak hints for a possible risk increase could be detected. The study underlines the importance of assessing the entire occupational history in occupational studies, especially if the supposed dose-response-relationship is weak.
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Prospective studies of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in relation to stroke have yielded inconsistent results. The authors conducted a meta-analysis of prospective studies to summarize available evidence regarding the relation between long-chain omega-3 PUFA intake and stroke. Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases to November 1, 2012 and by reviewing the reference lists of relevant publications. ⋯ Results were similar for ischemic (RR, 0.82; 95 % CI, 0.71-0.94) and hemorrhagic stroke (RR, 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.55-1.15). A statistically significant reduction in total stroke risk was observed in women (RR, 0.80; 95 % CI, 0.65-0.99). This meta-analysis showed no overall association between omega-3 PUFA intake and stroke, but suggests that women might benefit from a higher intake of these PUFAs.
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Lung function level and decline are each predictive of morbidity and mortality. Evaluation of the combined effect of these measurements may help further identify high-risk groups. Using Copenhagen City Heart Study longitudinal spirometry data (n = 10,457), 16-21 year risks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) morbidity, COPD or coronary heart disease mortality, and all-cause mortality were estimated from combined effects of level and decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)). ⋯ For COPD morbidity, quartiles of increasing FEV(1) decline increased HRs (95 % CI) for individuals with FEV(1) at or above the lower limit of normal (LLN) but below 100 % predicted, reaching 5.11 (2.58-10.13) for males, 11.63 (4.75-28.46) for females, and 3.09 (0.88-10.86) for never smokers in the quartile of steepest decline. Significant increasing trends were also observed for mortality and in individuals with a baseline age ≤45. Groups with 'normal' lung function (FEV(1) at or above the LLN) but excessive declines (fourth quartile of FEV(1) slope) had significantly increased mortality risks, including never smokers and individuals with a baseline age ≤45.
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Meta Analysis
Use of snus and acute myocardial infarction: pooled analysis of eight prospective observational studies.
The use of snus (also referred to as Scandinavian or Swedish moist smokeless tobacco), which is common in Sweden and increasing elsewhere, is receiving increasing attention since considered a tobacco smoke "potential reduction exposure product". Snus delivers a high dose of nicotine with possible hemodynamic effects, but its impact on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is uncertain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether snus use is associated with risk of and survival after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). ⋯ This study does not support any association between use of snus and development of AMI. Hence, toxic components other than nicotine appear implicated in the pathophysiology of smoking related ischemic heart disease. Case fatality after AMI is seemingly increased among snus users, but this relationship may be due to confounding by socioeconomic or life style factors.