The Veterinary clinics of North America. Food animal practice
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Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. · Jul 2009
Chemical restraint, anesthesia, and analgesia for camelids.
This article covers techniques used to provide chemical restraint, injectable or inhalation anesthesia, and analgesia in camelid patients. Understanding the information presented improves safety and efficacy when using the techniques presented in the article. This article focuses primarily on llama and alpaca patients. Of the techniques that have been used on camels, the dosing protocols provided have proven effective.
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The estimation of fluid deficits in camelids is challenging. However, early recognition and treatment of shock and hypovolemia is instrumental to improve morbidity and mortality of critically ill camelids. ⋯ Nonetheless, a protocol of conservative fluid management is often indicated in the treatment of camelids with pulmonary inflammation, to counteract edema formation. The early recognition of lung dysfunction is often based on advanced diagnostic techniques, including arterial blood gas analysis, diagnostic imaging, and noninvasive pulmonary function testing.