Current medical research and opinion
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Relationship of obesity to adverse events in myocardial infarction patients without primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results from the Occluded Artery Trial (OAT).
Objective: Our goal was to investigate the "obesity paradox" in myocardial infarction populations without primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Methods: The Occluded Artery Trial (OAT, Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00004562) is a randomized, multicenter study to investigate the influence of routine percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on the clinical outcomes of myocardial infarction patients without PPCI. We stratified these patients into three groups according to body mass index (BMI): normal, 18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2; overweight, 25 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2; obese, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. ⋯ We did not find any statistical differences among BMI categories in terms of cardiac death or NYHA class IV heart failure. Conclusions: A U-shaped relationship was observed between BMI and all-cause mortality or non-cardiac death. Overweight patients have the lowest risk of all-cause mortality, which may be attributed to their having the lowest risk of non-cardiac death of the groups studied.
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Background: Systematic reviews (SRs) and/or meta-analyses of in vitro research have an important role in establishing the foundation for clinical studies. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the reporting quality of SRs of in vitro studies using the PRISMA checklist. Method: Four databases were searched including PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Science (ISI) and Scopus. ⋯ There was a positive but not significant correlation between the overall quality score and the journal impact factor of the included studies. Conclusions: The adherence of SRs of in vitro studies to the PRISMA guidelines was poor. Therefore, we believe that using reporting guidelines and journals paying attention to this fact will improve the quality of SRs of in vitro studies.
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Objective: In clinical trials of second-line therapies for chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CP-CML), to date, only single-arm trials have been conducted for the available tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatments (bosutinib, dasatinib and nilotinib). These trials included heterogeneous patient populations in terms of disease and baseline characteristics. These hamper the use of standard network meta-analyses for indirect treatment comparison of relative efficacy. ⋯ Conclusions: Bosutinib had a significantly greater PFS than both dasatinib and nilotinib. For OS, the findings were numerically in favor of bosutinib, but not statistically significant. For MCyR, the findings were numerically in favor of dasatinib and nilotinib, but not statistically significant.
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Objective: We compare estimates of proportion of days covered (PDC) based on dispensation-only data versus linked prescription and dispensation information, and we analyse their differences in a real-world cohort of patients with osteoporosis. Methods: Prospective cohort study. We compared four alternative measures of PDC, using dispensation-only data: a) with a fixed assessment interval; b) censoring the assessment interval at the moment of the last refill; and using linked prescription and dispensation data: c) considering a minimum prescription gap of three months to interpret interruption by the physician; and d) considering any prescription gap. ⋯ For experienced users, the figures were 80.0%, 88.9%, 83% and 81%, respectively. Overall, dispensation-based measures presented issues of patient misclassification. Conclusions: Linked prescription and dispensation data allows for more precise PDC estimates than dispensation-only data, as both primary non-adherence and early non-adherence periods, and fully non-adherent patients, are all identified and accounted for.
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Objective: To evaluate the impact of a 0.2% reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) on treatment intensification, poor HbA1c control and HbA1c goal attainment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) initiated on a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor (SGLT2i). Methods: IQVIATM Health Plan Claims Data - US and IQVIATM Ambulatory EMR Data - US databases (29 October 2012-31 March 2016) were used to identify adults with T2DM initiated on an SGLT2i (index date) who had HbA1c measurements pre- and post-index, and ≥6 months of eligibility pre-index (baseline). HbA1c change was defined as the difference between the first post-index and the last pre-index measurements. ⋯ Results: A total of 938 patients (mean age 54.9, 42.5% female, mean HbA1c 8.5%) were selected. Following SGLT2i initiation, each 0.2% reduction in HbA1c levels was associated with a decreased risk of treatment intensification (HR [95% CI] = 0.90 [0.86-0.92]), a decreased likelihood of reaching HbA1c > 9% (HR [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.79-0.88]) and higher likelihoods of achieving a treatment goal of HbA1c < 7% (HR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.12-1.21]) and HbA1c < 8% (HR [95% CI] = 1.08 [1.04-1.10]). Conclusions: In T2DM patients, each HbA1c reduction of 0.2% following the initiation of an SGLT2i was associated with a significant positive impact on treatment intensification and HbA1c goal attainment.