Seminars in ophthalmology
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Seminars in ophthalmology · Jan 2006
ReviewThe HMG-CoA reductase pathway, statins and angioprevention.
Angiogenesis is one of the earliest and essential phenotypes acquired by tumors during carcinogenesis and thus might be a potential target for chemoprevention. Key to developing antiangiogenic chemoprevention is to identify new molecular targets and effective angiogenesis inhibitors. ⋯ Recent research has found that statins promote endothelial death and inhibit experimental angiogenesis induced by growth factors or tumor, laying a foundation for developing statin-based angiopreventive strategies. This article reviews the biological effects of statins on endothelial cells and angiogenesis, possible underlying mechanisms and perspectives on future application of statins in preventing pathological angiogenesis.
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Seminars in ophthalmology · Jan 2006
Case ReportsSUNCT syndrome: Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache with Conjunctival injection and Tearing.
The SUNCT syndrome refers to Short-lasting Unilateral Neuralgiform headache with Conjunctival injection and Tearing. It is characterized by brief attacks of severe unilateral pain in the orbitotemporal region, associated with ipsilateral cranial autonomic disturbances. All SUNCT patients experience ipsilateral conjunctival injection and lacrimation. ⋯ Primary and secondary forms exist, the secondary form is most commonly associated with lesions of the posterior fossa or pituitary adenoma. The SUNCT syndrome is refractory to most commonly employed therapies. Lamotrigine has recently been reported as an effective first line therapy.
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The association between retinoblastoma and secondary glaucoma is well known. The most common cause of secondary glaucoma in retinoblastoma is iris neovascularization (NVI) followed by pupillary block and tumor seeding of the anterior chamber. Although glaucoma is a secondary clinical issue in retinoblastoma (RB) management and care, awareness of its presence, revealed by a thorough ocular exam of the anterior segment, can guide the clinician in assessing the overall condition of the affected eye.
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Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with an unknown etiology, characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in involved organs. It has a worldwide prevalence, but variable incidence among different geographical regions. The disease affects adults between 20 and 40 years of age, and it is slightly more common in women than men. ⋯ Oral corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment of sarcoidosis. Systemic cytotoxic agents like methrotrexate, azathioprine, and chlorambucil may be used in refractory cases. The visual prognosis of sarcoidosis is usually good.
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Seminars in ophthalmology · Sep 2004
Case ReportsNeuro-ophthalmic manifestations of hemangiopericytoma.
To describe the neuro-ophthalmic presentations of a rare intracranial tumor, hemangiopericytoma. ⋯ We report five cases of intracranial hemangiopericytoma and review the neuro-ophthalmic findings of this uncommon entity.