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Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie
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Haematoma formation in the spinal canal due to epidural anaesthesia is a very rare but serious complication. This paper presents a comprehensive review of case reports. ⋯ Coagulopathies or anticoagulant therapy (e.g., full heparinization) were the predominant risk factors, where-as low-dose heparin thromboprophylaxis or NSAID treatment was rarely associated with spinal bleeding complications. Ankylosing spondylitis was identified as a new, previously unreported risk factor. Analysis of reported clinical practice suggests an incidence of haematoma of 1:190,000 epidurals.