The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Oct 2012
Review Meta AnalysisRole of procalcitonin in the diagnosis of severe infection in pediatric patients with fever and Neutropenia--a systemic review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of the procalcitonin (PCT) test for diagnosis of bacterial sepsis in pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. ⋯ Of three markers potentially useful for diagnosing bacterial sepsis in children with fever and neutropenia, PCT had comparable diagnostic accuracy to CRP.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Oct 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialFive-year antibody persistence and safety following a booster dose of combined Haemophilus influenzae type b-Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine.
Booster vaccination with the combined Haemophilus influenza type b-Neisseria meningitides serogroup C-tetanus toxoid vaccine (Hib-MenC-TT) has been reported to induce different MenC antibody responses depending on the priming vaccines, with a possible impact on long-term protection. Here, the five-year persistence of immune responses induced by a booster dose of Hib-MenC-TT was evaluated in toddlers primed with either Hib-MenC-TT or MenC-TT. ⋯ There is evidence of good antibody persistence against MenC and Hib for more than five years postbooster vaccination with Hib-MenC TT in toddlers primed with Hib-MenC-TT or MenC-TT.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Oct 2012
Pharmacokinetics and safety of fluconazole in young infants supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
Candida infections are a leading cause of infectious disease-related death in infants supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The ECMO circuit can alter drug pharmacokinetics; thus, standard fluconazole dosing in children on ECMO may result in suboptimal drug exposure. This study determined the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in infants on ECMO. ⋯ Infants on ECMO had higher volume of distribution but similar clearance when compared with historical controls not on ECMO. In infants on ECMO, a fluconazole dose of 25 mg/kg weekly provides adequate exposure for prophylaxis against Candida infections. However, higher doses may be needed for treatment.
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The rate and type of treatment complications in children treated for Lyme meningitis have not been described. ⋯ As current Lyme meningitis treatment regimens have substantial associated morbidity, future research should investigate the efficacy of alternate regimens.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Oct 2012
Case ReportsPrimary cavitating tuberculosis in a 2-month-old infant.
Cavitation in primary pulmonary tuberculosis is rare, particularly in infants. We report a case of a 2-month-old infant with primary cavitating tuberculosis. Computed tomography first showed consolidation of the left upper lobe, and results of a course of antimicrobial therapy demonstrated a cystic lesion. The cyst was demonstrated to be a tuberculous cavity by postoperative histopathologic examination.