The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · May 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialImpact of 4.0% chlorhexidine cord cleansing on the bacteriologic profile of the newborn umbilical stump in rural Sylhet District, Bangladesh: a community-based, cluster-randomized trial.
Randomized trials from South Asia indicate umbilical cord chlorhexidine cleansing reduces mortality and omphalitis. No community-based data are available on bacteriological profile of the cord, early neonatal colonization dynamics, or impact of cord cleansing on colonizing organisms. Such data could clarify the design of scaled chlorhexidine interventions. ⋯ Cord cleansing with 4.0% chlorhexidine immediately after birth reduces overall and organism-specific colonization of the stump. Reductions are greater and sustained longer with daily cleansing through the first week of life, suggesting that programs promoting chlorhexidine cleansing should favor multiple over single applications.
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Vitamin D deficiency and tuberculosis (TB) are associated in adults, but data in children are scarce. We screened refugee children routinely for vitamin D status and TB. Vitamin D values were significantly lower in latent TB (n = 81) and TB infection (n = 11) than in children without TB (n = 236). We conclude that refugee children with TB have reduced vitamin D levels.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · May 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialImmunogenicity, safety and reactogenicity of a mammalian cell-culture-derived influenza vaccine in healthy children and adolescents three to seventeen years of age.
The safety and immunogenicity of the cell-culture-derived seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine ([CCIV]; Optaflu) has been reported previously in adults and the elderly. In this study, we compared the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of CCIV with a conventional egg-derived trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) in a healthy pediatric population. ⋯ CCIV produced in mammalian cell culture is a safe, well-tolerated and immunogenic alternative to conventional egg-derived influenza vaccines for children and adolescents.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · May 2012
Safety and pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir for prophylaxis of neonates exposed to influenza H1N1.
Oseltamivir was administered at 1.0 mg/kg b.i.d. to 13 neonates exposed to influenza H1N1. No influenza, neurologic, or laboratory adverse effects occurred. The mean Cmax values for oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate were found to be lower than those reported for children 1 to 5 years old, whereas Tmax values were similar to children 1 to 5 years old. Age and gender were found to significantly affect oseltamivir clearance.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · May 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialSafety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of the human rotavirus vaccine in preterm European Infants: a randomized phase IIIb study.
Rotavirus disease is more severe in preterm infants than in full-term infants. This study assessed the safety, reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a human rotavirus vaccine, RIX4414, in European preterm infants. ⋯ Two doses of RIX4414 were immunogenic and well-tolerated in European preterm infants.