The Pediatric infectious disease journal
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jul 2014
Three-year study of viral etiology and features of febrile respiratory tract infections in Japanese pediatric outpatients.
For most febrile respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in children, the causative pathogen is never identified. We sought to identify the causative pathogen in individual cases of pediatric outpatient with RTIs and to determine whether particular clinical features of RTIs are associated with particular viruses. ⋯ Viral culture and real-time PCR assays were used together to identify causative pathogens in 83% of febrile outpatient children with RTI; specific viruses were associated with particular clinical diagnoses.
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jul 2014
Observational StudyChanges in hospitalizations for pneumonia after universal vaccination with pneumococcal conjugate vaccines 7/13 valent and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine in a Pediatric Referral Hospital in Uruguay.
In 1994, Uruguay included Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) conjugated vaccine in a 3 + 1 schedule. In March 2008, 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV7) was included in a 2 +1 schedule. In 2010, 13-valent PCV replaced PCV7. Catch-up immunization was offered. The aim of this study was to describe the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children 0-14 years of age hospitalized at the Hospital Pediatrico-Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell between 2003 and 2012. ⋯ Three years after PCV7/13 introduction into the routine vaccination schedule, there was a rapid and significant reduction in rates of CAP and P-CAP. An increase of etiology of CAP by other agents was not observed.
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jun 2014
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudySafety and immunogenicity of an inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine in children 6 months through 8 years of age.
Strains of 2 distinct influenza B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) have cocirculated in the United States for over a decade, but trivalent influenza vaccines (TIVs) contain only 1 B-lineage strain. Each season, some or most influenza B disease is caused by the B lineage not represented in that season's TIV. Quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIVs) containing a strain from each B lineage should resolve this problem. ⋯ This study demonstrated that QIV is safe and immunogenic among children 6 months to <9 years of age. These findings, along with data from 2 other studies of this QIV in adults, suggest that QIV should offer protection against both B lineages with a safety profile similar to TIV across all ages.
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jun 2014
ReviewNeonatal vancomycin continuous infusion: still a confusion?
Continuous infusions of vancomycin over 24 hours have been shown in adults to reduce drug toxicity, lower treatment costs and require fewer blood samples for therapeutic drug monitoring. They may also improve clinical outcome through earlier attainment of target drug concentrations. In neonates, there is no consensus on vancomycin dosing. We reviewed the literature to assess the evidence for vancomycin dosing regimens for continuous infusion in neonates. ⋯ Continuous infusions of vancomycin in neonates are well tolerated, require less blood sampling and may result in improved attainment of target concentrations. Further prospective studies are needed in this population.
-
Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jun 2014
The changing epidemiology of serious bacterial infections in young infants.
Management of febrile young infants suspected of having serious bacterial infections has been a challenge for decades. The impact of changes in prenatal screening for Group B Streptococcus and of infant immunizations has received little attention in population-based studies. ⋯ Compared with earlier studies, UTIs now are found significantly more often than bacteremia and meningitis with 92% of occult infections associated with UTIs. These data emphasize the importance of an urinalysis in febrile infants.