The Pediatric infectious disease journal
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Mar 2012
Characteristics, therapies, and outcome of children with necrotizing soft tissue infections.
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are uncommon but potentially lethal infections that are well described in adults. Little is known about pediatric patients with NSTI. We sought to examine patients' characteristics, infection characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of children with NSTIs using a large multicenter pediatric database. ⋯ NSTIs are a rare but significant diseases in children. It seems that, as in the adult population, prompt surgical debridement is the most important intervention. Corticosteroid therapy may be associated with a worse prognosis.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Feb 2012
Case ReportsAnti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor encephalitis mimics viral encephalitis.
We describe the clinical courses of 3 children with a psychochoreiform encephalitis associated with anti-N-methyl D-aspartate receptor autoantibodies. These cases, including the most severely medically complicated survivor to date, illustrate the challenges of diagnosis, supportive care, and immune-modulating therapy. Clinical and laboratory features are similar to those of viral encephalitis, and the condition is often reversible with appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Feb 2012
Increasing adherence for latent tuberculosis infection therapy with health department-administered therapy.
Therapy is almost universally recommended for children with latent tuberculosis infection, but long courses of therapy can decrease adherence to drug therapy. The only variable positively associated with adherence to latent tuberculosis infection therapy in our population was health department-assisted administration of drugs (odds ratio, 7.2; 95% confidence interval, 3.8-13.8).
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Jan 2012
Decreased innate immune cytokine responses correlate with disease severity in children with respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus bronchiolitis.
The immunopathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus lower respiratory tract infections in children remains to be defined. We measured nasal wash concentrations of 29 cytokines in infants with RSV or human rhinovirus lower respiratory tract infections. Concentrations of interferon-γ in RSV and innate immunity cytokines in both infections inversely correlated with disease severity.
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Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. · Dec 2011
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for children with acute osteomyelitis.
The emergence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has complicated the conventional management of osteomyelitis. While oral clindamycin is commonly used to treat acute CA-MRSA osteomyelitis, the emergence of inducible clindamycin resistance among CA-MRSA isolates has made alternative therapy necessary. The excellent oral bioavailability, susceptibility profile, favorable palatability, and low cost of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) make this drug an attractive option for treating osteomyelitis, yet its clinical efficacy for osteomyelitis has not been established. ⋯ Orally administered TMP-SMX appears to be a useful and well-tolerated therapy for treatment of acute osteomyelitis in children. Further prospective comparative studies will be needed to confirm this observation.