Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine
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In April 2020, data began emerging on Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response in children with COVID-19. Since then, much has been published on the presentation of COVID-19 in pediatric patients, including its association with Kawasaki disease and the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). However, questions still remain regarding the risk factors, pathogenesis, prognosis, and specific therapy for these manifestations of COVID-19.
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As evidence on COVID-19 continues to emerge, its impact on the eyes is becoming more apparent, leading to a better understanding of ocular manifestations and transmission. This article details the recent information regarding COVID-19 from an ophthalmologic context, including prevalence, clinical features, impact on the clinic logistics, and key information for practitioners.
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Although the literature is limited, early evidence suggests that patients with chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney disease, and kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk for severe COVID-19 disease and death. Hence, management should focus on both infection prevention and treatment. There is currently a lack of evidence and guideline recommendations on optimal management of immunosuppression in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection. This article focuses on the prevention and management of COVID-19 in patients with chronic kidney disease, patients with end-stage kidney disease on home hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplant recipients.
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Numerous immunomodulating agents are currently being studied in clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19, including interferon therapies. Interferons are naturally occurring host antiviral proteins upstream of the inflammatory pathway that are released by host cells in response to the presence of viral pathogens. ⋯ Questions surrounding timing, type of interferon, and route of administration all remain unanswered. Here we discuss the role of interferons in host antiviral immunity, and review the current data surrounding use of interferons in COVID-19.