Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine
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An effective vaccine is considered the best method to achieve herd immunity. As of February 2021, 12 vaccines were in late-stage clinical trials worldwide, with many more in development. ⋯ These vaccines use various platforms to deliver the vaccines, each with pros and cons. Published data show these vaccines are effective in preventing the severe symptoms associated with COVID-19 in adults with few side effects, but challenges remain with storage and delivery and treating virus variants.
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The authors review the rationale behind and approaches to testing for COVID-19, the quality of currently available tests, the role of data analytics in strategizing testing, and using the electronic medical record and other programs designed to steward COVID-19 testing and follow-up of patients.
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Pattern hair loss is the most common type of hair loss in both men and women. Scalp hair is typically affected in a characteristic distribution without other scalp or dermatologic findings. Early recognition and treatment can help halt its progression to preserve as much hair as possible. Both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments have proven helpful.
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Although echocardiography is fundamental in diagnosing infective endocarditis, sometimes it reveals no evidence of endocarditis while clinical indicators remain consistent with the diagnosis. In such cases, repeat imaging is necessary, and the appropriate timeline for it and whether it should be done with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), trans esophageal echocardiography (TEE), or an advanced imaging method are important.
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Most patients with cancer experience pain at some point in the disease course due to the disease itself or its treatment, or both. Pain management can involve pharmacologic (nonopioid medications, adjuvants, and opioids) and nonpharmacologic (radiation therapy, interventional procedures) therapies. This article provides a treatment approach to reduce pain for patients with cancer and improve their quality of life.