Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine
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Editorial Comment
Hiding in clear sight: Complications of immunosuppressive therapies.
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The association of reduced proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) activity with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) events--and the need for add-ons to statin therapy to achieve treatment goals--has led to the rapid development and US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of monoclonal antibody therapies to inhibit PCSK9. Now that PCSK9 inhibitors are approved by the FDA for use in certain patients, data from ongoing long-term clinical trials addressing tolerability, safety, and proof of additional reduction in CVD events are eagerly awaited.
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Heart failure management is complex and constantly evolving. The American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) last issued evidence-based guidelines in 2013, and since then, new drugs and devices have been developed. This review presents an evidence-based approach to current heart failure management.