American journal of preventive medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Preventing Alcohol and Tobacco Exposed Pregnancies: CHOICES Plus in Primary Care.
Alcohol and tobacco use are common among U.S. women, yet if used during pregnancy these substances present significant preventable risks to prenatal and perinatal health. Because use of alcohol and tobacco often continue into the first trimester and beyond, especially among women with unintended pregnancies, effective evidence-based approaches are needed to decrease these risk behaviors. This study was designed to test the efficacy of CHOICES Plus, a preconception intervention for reducing the risk of alcohol- and tobacco-exposed pregnancies (AEPs and TEPs). ⋯ CHOICES Plus significantly reduced AEP and TEP risk. Addressing these commonly co-occurring risk factors in a single preconception program proved both feasible and efficacious in a low-income primary care population. Intervening with women before they become pregnant could shift the focus in clinical practice from treatment of substance-exposed pregnancies to prevention of a costly public health concern.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
The Longitudinal Impact of an Internet Safety Decision Aid for Abused Women.
Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) navigate complex, dangerous decisions. Tailored safety information and safety planning, typically provided by domestic violence service providers, can prevent repeat IPV exposure and associated adverse health outcomes; however, few abused women access these services. The Internet represents a potentially innovative way to connect abused women with tailored safety planning resources and information. The purpose of this study was to compare safety and mental health outcomes at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months among abused women randomized to: (1) a tailored, Internet-based safety decision aid; or (2) control website (typical safety information available online). ⋯ Internet-based safety planning represents a promising tool to reduce the public health impact of IPV.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Correlates of Patient Intent and Preference on Colorectal Cancer Screening.
Information is limited on patient characteristics that influence their preference among screening options and intent to be screened for colorectal cancer (CRC). A mechanistic pathway to intent and preference was examined through a formal mediation analysis. ⋯ Self-efficacy mediated the association between race, attitude, and test worries and patient intent.
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Multicenter Study
The Longitudinal Impact of NFL PLAY 60 Programming on Youth Aerobic Capacity and BMI.
The NFL PLAY 60 campaign has actively promoted physical activity and healthy eating in youth through programs such as the PLAY 60 Challenge and Fuel Up to PLAY 60. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of NFL PLAY 60 programming on longitudinal trajectories of youth aerobic capacity and BMI. ⋯ The results of these longitudinal analyses support the utility of the NFL PLAY 60 physical activity promotion programs for improving youth aerobic capacity and potentially helping to reverse the prevalence of overweight/obesity. However, the overall program adoption rate is low.
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
A Comparison of Black and White Racial Differences in Health Lifestyles and Cardiovascular Disease.
This study examines the health lifestyles of a cohort of blacks and whites in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD). The link between health lifestyles and CVD is well established, but most of the focus has been on SES and more research is needed on racial differences. ⋯ Health lifestyles differ by race and support the exploratory hypothesis that distinct classes of healthy-unhealthy lifestyles exist within each racial group.