Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
-
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Feb 2007
Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis: Saccharomyces boulardii for treating acute diarrhoea in children.
Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic probiotic yeast considered useful against enteropathogens. ⋯ There exists a moderate clinical benefit of S. boulardii therapy in otherwise healthy infants and children with acute gastroenteritis, mainly a shorter duration of diarrhoea. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to methodological limitations of the included studies.
-
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jan 2007
Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis: Alvimopan vs. placebo in the treatment of post-operative ileus.
Alvimopan is a selective, competitive mu-opioid receptor antagonist with limited oral bioavailability which may be used to reduce length of post-operative ileus. ⋯ Alvimopan showed significant advantages over placebo in restoring gastro-intestinal function, and reduced time to discharge following major abdominal surgery, with acceptable side effects.
-
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Nov 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialNitazoxanide in the treatment of viral gastroenteritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Enteric viruses including noroviruses and rotavirus are leading causes of diarrhoeal disease and gastroenteritis worldwide, and there is no effective treatment. ⋯ Nitazoxanide may play an important role in managing viral gastroenteritis in adults.
-
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Oct 2006
Pre-endoscopic proton pump inhibitor therapy reduces recurrent adverse gastrointestinal outcomes in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) following endoscopic haemostasis reduce rebleeding rates in patients with high-risk acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Many advocate the use of PPIs prior to endoscopy, although its incremental benefit is unproven. ⋯ The use of PPIs before endoscopy significantly reduces the risk of developing adverse gastrointestinal outcomes in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Future studies are required to better characterize this relationship.
-
Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Oct 2006
ReviewReview article: the effect of aminosalicylates and immunomodulation on cancer risk in inflammatory bowel disease.
Ulcerative colitis and, maybe to a similar extent, Crohn's disease are associated with an increased risk of colorectal carcinoma. As a consequence of this increased risk, surveillance strategies have been proposed to prevent colorectal carcinoma through early detection of dysplasia, which may herald malignant disease. ⋯ It may be concluded from the relevant studies that regular use of at least 1.2 g of mesalazine per day may effectively prevent about two out of three colon cancers in ulcerative colitis. In contrast, there seems to be no role for either mercaptopurine or folic acid in protection from colon cancer.