Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Feb 2007
Randomized Controlled TrialNeurokinin-1 receptor antagonism in a human model of visceral hypersensitivity.
Substance P acting via the neurokinin-1 receptor is involved in the development of hyperalgesia, although studies using neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK-1RA) in human somatic pain have been disappointing. ⋯ The lack of effect of NK-1RA on oesophageal pain threshold in our model does not support a role for Substance P in the development of acid-induced oesophageal allodynia.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Jan 2007
Meta AnalysisMeta-analysis: Alvimopan vs. placebo in the treatment of post-operative ileus.
Alvimopan is a selective, competitive mu-opioid receptor antagonist with limited oral bioavailability which may be used to reduce length of post-operative ileus. ⋯ Alvimopan showed significant advantages over placebo in restoring gastro-intestinal function, and reduced time to discharge following major abdominal surgery, with acceptable side effects.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Nov 2006
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialNitazoxanide in the treatment of viral gastroenteritis: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Enteric viruses including noroviruses and rotavirus are leading causes of diarrhoeal disease and gastroenteritis worldwide, and there is no effective treatment. ⋯ Nitazoxanide may play an important role in managing viral gastroenteritis in adults.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Oct 2006
Pre-endoscopic proton pump inhibitor therapy reduces recurrent adverse gastrointestinal outcomes in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) following endoscopic haemostasis reduce rebleeding rates in patients with high-risk acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Many advocate the use of PPIs prior to endoscopy, although its incremental benefit is unproven. ⋯ The use of PPIs before endoscopy significantly reduces the risk of developing adverse gastrointestinal outcomes in patients with acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Future studies are required to better characterize this relationship.
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Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. · Oct 2006
ReviewSystematic review: applications and future of gastric electrical stimulation.
Over the past 20 years, gastric electrical stimulation has received increasing attention among researchers and clinicians. ⋯ Great progress has been made during the past decades. Gastric electrical stimulation has been shown to be effective in normalizing gastric dysrhythmia, accelerating gastric emptying and improving nausea and vomiting. Implantable device has been made available for treating gastroparesis as well as obesity. However, development of a new device and controlled clinical studies are required to further prove clinical efficacy of gastric electrical stimulation.