Fundamental & clinical pharmacology
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Improving methodology for Phase I dose-finding studies is currently of great interest in pharmaceutical and medical research. This article discusses the current atmosphere and attitude towards adaptive designs and focuses on the influence of Bayesian approaches.
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Fundam Clin Pharmacol · Apr 2010
Comparative StudyThe comparison of the effects of anesthetic doses of ketamine, propofol, and etomidate on ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle.
The fact that a considerable amount of clinical conditions suffering from ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) occur under general anesthesia has triggered researchers to focus on the effects of anesthetic drugs on IRI. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the use of different anesthetic drugs in a skeletal IRI model. Tourniquet IRI method was performed and two experimental groups were established as sham-control and IRI group. ⋯ Rats anesthetized with ketamine (60 mg/kg), propofol (100 mg/kg), or etomidate (20 mg/kg) did not show increased malondialdehyde levels in comparison with control levels. While the drugs did not cause a distinction in the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathion peroxidase, iron, and copper, zinc was in a lower level in IRI group compared to sham-control. In conclusion, ketamine, propofol, and etomidate, with anesthetic doses, denoted efficacious effects on IRI; hence the drugs might be preferred in certain operations with the risk of IRI.