Nutrition
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Total gastrectomy produces calcium malabsorption and osteopenia. We examined the effects of feeding water-soluble soybean fiber (WSSF), a highly fermentable dietary fiber with low viscosity, on calcium absorption and bone characteristics in totally gastrectomized rats. ⋯ These findings indicate that ingestion of WSSF partly prevents the diminished calcium absorption after total gastrectomy in rats, resulting in the improvement of postgastrectomy osteopenia. The increase of calcium absorption may be associated with cecal fermentation of WSSF.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Early enteral supply of fiber and Lactobacilli versus conventional nutrition: a controlled trial in patients with major abdominal surgery.
Early enteral nutrition with fiber-containing solutions plus Lactobacillus may reduce bacterial translocation and minimize the incidence of infections after surgery. ⋯ Early enteral nutrition with fiber-containing solutions reduced the rate of postoperative infections in comparison with parenteral nutrition and fiber-free enteral formula. Addition of living Lactobacillus seemed to increase the benefits in patients with gastric and pancreatic resections.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Infection, multiple organ failure, and survival in the intensive care unit: influence of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on acquired infection.
We investigated the effect of a glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition on intensive-care-acquired infection (ICAI) and its relation to outcome. ⋯ In these severely ill patients, parenteral nutrition containing glutamine may not reduce the overall incidence of ICAI, but it may reduce the risk of dying from acquired infections. The improved survival seen at 6 mo appeared related mostly to reduced mortality in the intensive care unit from multiple organ failure in those patients in whom acquired infections are common.
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Previous reports have shown that oral arginine (Arg) has immune-enhancing properties in injury. However, the effects of parenterally infused Arg on sepsis are not well understood. We used a septic rat model to study Arg infusion in inflammatory-related cytokines and blood T lymphocyte population in vivo. ⋯ The results showed that, compared with the Gly group, TPN preinfused with Arg reduces the production of inflammatory mediators at the site of injury and that cellular immunity is enhanced at 24 h after CLP. Parenterally administered Arg had no beneficial effect in preventing nitrogen loss and improving survival in septic rats. Whether Gly has specific effects that reduce the effects of Arg require further investigation.