Nutrition
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Dietary restriction impairs polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) recruitment into the local inflammatory site, resulting in susceptibility to infection. Probiotics enhance host immunity via conditioning host intestinal microflora. Oral administration of Bifidobacterium longum culture condensate (BCC) in a diet-restricted murine peritonitis model may enhance PMN recruitment into the inflammatory site. ⋯ Oral BCC administration upregulated PMN recruitment into the peritoneal cavity and increased peritoneal fluid cytokine concentrations as well as CD18 and CD62L expressions on circulating PMNs during glycogen-induced peritonitis. Oral BCC administration in a diet-restricted murine peritonitis model augmented PMN recruitment into the inflammatory site by upregulating cytokine concentrations in the local inflammatory site and adhesion molecule expression on circulating PMNs. Oral BCC administration may be a favorable modality for improving dietary restriction-induced host immunosuppression.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effect of supplementing a high-fat, low-carbohydrate enteral formula in COPD patients.
One of the goals in treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who suffer from hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and malnutrition is to correct the malnutrition without increasing the respiratory quotient and minimize the production of carbon dioxide. This 3-wk study evaluated the efficacy of feeding a high-fat, low-carbohydrate (CHO) nutritional supplement as opposed to a high-carbohydrate diet in COPD patients on parameters of pulmonary function.S METHODS: Sixty COPD patients with low body weight (<90% ideal body weight) were randomized to the control group, which received dietary counseling for a high-CHO diet (15% protein, 20% to 30% fat, and 60% to 70% CHO), or the experimental group, which received two to three cans (237 mL/can) of a high-fat, low-CHO oral supplement (16.7% protein, 55.1% fat, and 28.2% CHO) in the evening as part of the diet. Measurements of lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s or volume of air exhaled in 1 s of maximal expiration, minute ventilation, oxygen consumption per unit time, carbon dioxide production in unit time, and respiratory quotient) and blood gases (pH, arterial carbon dioxide tension, and arterial oxygen tension) were taken at baseline and after 3 wk. ⋯ This study demonstrates that pulmonary function in COPD patients can be significantly improved with a high-fat, low-CHO oral supplement as compared with the traditional high-CHO diet.
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Comparative Study
Early versus late nutrition support in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.
This retrospective study evaluated two different modes of nutrition supplementation in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome. ⋯ Early nutrition to maintain a positive energy balance in premature neonates with respiratory distress syndrome is beneficial.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cigarette smoking on serum oxidative damage, antioxidant status, and mineral concentrations in teenage girls. ⋯ Teenagers with a short smoking history can have evidence of oxidative stress (high serum TBARS and low serum ascorbic acid and folate concentrations) and an impaired oxidant defense system. However, in contrast to common findings in adult smokers, blood pressure was lower in teenage smokers, and hypozincemia and hypercupremia were not observed. Alterations observed in mineral metabolism in adult smokers are probably secondary to chronic diseases associated with long-term smoking.
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Apolipoproteins A-I and B as predictors of complications in gallbladder lithiasis surgical patients.
Specific serum proteins have been traditionally used in the assessment of protein-energy malnutrition. Some short half-life serum proteins have been related to the appearance of postoperative complications in surgical patients with low-risk pathologies that, far from undernutrition, showed a trend toward overweight and obesity. Apolipoproteins have been proposed as potential tools to assess protein status and nutritional recovery, so we investigated apolipoproteins A-I and B as new tools with prognostic value to detect postoperative complications. ⋯ Assessment included measurements of weight and height and determinations of apolipoprotein A-I and B by quantitative radial immunodiffusion on gel layers. Apolipoproteins levels showed no statistical differences between complicated and uncomplicated patients. The apolipoproteins included in this study did not predict surgical complications because abnormal values were not associated with the presence of complications in this kind of patient.