Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Postoperative parenteral nutrition while proactively minimizing insulin resistance.
We compared the metabolic effects of postoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and hypocaloric glucose after treatment with oral carbohydrates preoperatively and epidural anesthesia to proactively minimize postoperative insulin resistance. ⋯ Treatment with TPN does not seem to improve postoperative peripheral insulin sensitivity in patients with minor insulin resistance after pretreatment with preoperative carbohydrates and perioperative epidural anesthesia. Hypocaloric nutrition results in changes in substrate utilization and nitrogen balance resembling starvation, whereas TPN attenuates these changes.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Response of muscle protein and glutamine kinetics to branched-chain-enriched amino acids in intensive care patients after radical cancer surgery.
Patients with cancer are characterized by decreased muscle protein synthesis and glutamine availability that contribute to an impaired immune response. These abnormalities worsen after surgical stress. We tested the hypothesis that pharmacologic doses of branched-chain amino acids would improve the early metabolic response after major cancer surgery. ⋯ An excess of branched-chain amino acids in the presence of an optimal profile of other essential amino acids acutely increased muscle protein synthesis and glutamine flux from skeletal muscle in cancer patients after surgery.
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We evaluated the prevalence of obesity in relation to adherence to a Mediterranean diet. ⋯ We observed an inverse relation between adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and prevalence of obesity in a free-eating, population-based sample of men and women, irrespective of various potential confounders.
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The present study examined the effect of zinc at concentrations of the apoptotic signaling pathway and immune function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). ⋯ Zinc stimulates cytokine expression and induces apoptosis of PBMCs from healthy subjects only at concentrations equal to or greater than the serum pharmacologic range. Receptor-mediated extrinsic and mitochondrial-mediated intrinsic pathways are involved in this zinc-induced apoptosis.
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We investigated the effect of supplementation with L-glutamine and L-alanyl-L-glutamine (DIP) on the plasma and tissue glutamine concentrations of exercise-trained rats immediately and 3 hours after a single exercise session until exhaustion. ⋯ Chronic supplementation with DIP promoted a higher muscle glutamine concentration than chronic supplementation with glutamine immediately after exercise. However, no significant difference in plasma or tissue glutamine concentrations was observed between acute supplementation with glutamine and DIP during the post-exhaustive exercise recovery period.