Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A randomized clinical trial comparing low-glycemic index versus ADA dietary education among individuals with type 2 diabetes.
We compared the effects of a low glycemic index (GI) diet with the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Compared with the ADA diet, the low-GI diet achieved equivalent control of HbA1c using less diabetic medication. Despite its limited size, this trial suggests that a low-GI diet is a viable alternative to the ADA diet. Findings should be evaluated in a larger randomized controlled trial.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
A palm oil-rich diet may reduce serum lipids in healthy young individuals.
The literature on palm oil as a cholesterol-raising oil is conflicting, requiring further studies. This study tested the influence of a palm oil-rich diet on plasma lipids of healthy young individuals. ⋯ This study shows that boiled crude palm oil may have a mild, triacylglycerol-reducing effect in young, healthy individuals and may also show a mild LDL-C-increasing effect in males.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate whether mandatory fortification of grain products with folic acid in the United States is associated with changes in DNA methyltransferase-1 (Dnmt-1) expression in cells involved in cervical carcinogenesis. ⋯ These results suggest that mandatory fortification with folic acid in the United States seems to have resulted in a change in the degree of expression of Dnmt-1 in cells involved in cervical carcinogenesis. Because the approach we have taken to demonstrate these differences have limitations inherent to a study of this nature and this is the first study to report a folate fortification associated change in Dnmt-1, validating these results in other study populations and/or with other techniques of assessing Dnmt-1 will increase the scientific credibility of these findings.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Depletion of plasma antioxidants in surgical intensive care unit patients requiring parenteral feeding: effects of parenteral nutrition with or without alanyl-glutamine dipeptide supplementation.
Antioxidant depletion is common in critically ill patients. This study was designed to determine the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN), with or without glutamine (Gln) supplementation, on systemic antioxidant status in adult patients after major surgery who required PN in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) setting. ⋯ Low plasma levels of key antioxidants were common in this group of patients in the SICU despite administration of PN containing conventional micronutrients. Compared with standard PN, Gln-supplemented PN improved plasma GSH levels in patients in the SICU after cardiac, vascular, or colonic operations.
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We investigated the effect of nutritional recovery with a soybean flour diet on glucose tolerance, insulin response to a glucose load, and the action of insulin in adult rats exposed to a protein deficiency during intrauterine life and lactation. ⋯ These results indicate that nutritional recovery with a soybean flour diet improved the insulin response to a glucose load and decreased the sensitivity to insulin, at least in hepatic tissue.