Nutrition
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Case Reports
The significance of folate deficiency in alcoholic and nutritional neuropathies: analysis of a case.
To elucidate the significance of folate deficiency in alcoholic and nutritional neuropathies. ⋯ This case study indicates that folate deficiency should be monitored closely in patients with chronic alcoholism and associated malnutrition. Additionally, folate deficiency should be considered as a differential diagnosis of neuropathy.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of the two endogenous forms of acyl ghrelin, O-n-octanoylated ghrelin and des-Gln¹⁴-ghrelin, on feeding behavior, as well as their interactions with insulin, obestatin, and corticotropin-releasing factor receptor (CRF-R) antagonist in the forebrain to influence food intake. ⋯ ICV O-n-octanoylated ghrelin and its splice variant, des-Gln¹⁴-ghrelin, are equally potent to elicit food intake in freely fed rats, while these feeding-stimulating effects are opposed by insulin, but independent of obestatin and endogenous CRF-R in the forebrain.
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Comparative Study
Changes in ghrelin concentrations one year after resective and non-resective gastric bypass: associations with weight loss and energy and macronutrient intakes.
Ghrelin is a potent stimulator of appetite and synthesized in the stomach. Its role in weight loss after gastric bypass (GBP) is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between weight loss and food intake and between weight loss and changes in serum ghrelin concentrations 1 y after GBP with resection of the bypassed stomach (R-GBP) and without resection (NR-GBP). ⋯ A greater decrease in ghrelin levels was observed only in patients who underwent R-GBP at 12 mo after surgery. This difference was not associated with differences in dietary intakes or weight loss at the same time point. Therefore, the small gastric pouch is probably more important than decreased ghrelin levels in producing long-term weight loss after R-GBP.
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To assess whether selenium and carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), two biomarkers of oxidative stress, are independent predictors of anemia in older community-dwelling adults. ⋯ Elevated plasma CML and low plasma selenium are long-term independent predictors of anemia in older community-dwelling adults. These findings support the idea that oxidative stress contributes to the development of anemia.
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Multicenter Study
Changes in dietary habits and eating practices in adolescents living in urban South Africa: the birth to twenty cohort.
To assess changes in the dietary habits and eating practices of a longitudinal cohort of adolescents over a 5-y period living in Soweto and Johannesburg. ⋯ Poor eating habits in all three environments were found; the participants' propensity for foods that were energy dense and micronutrient poor was high. This study also found that dietary patterns are well established by 13 y of age.