Nutrition
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Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Structural and process indicators of nutritional care: a comparison between Austrian hospitals and nursing homes.
The aim of this study was to describe and compare structural and process indicators of nutritional care in Austrian hospitals and nursing homes. ⋯ The study demonstrated that nursing homes fulfilled more structural indicators and performed nutritional screening at admission more often than hospitals. Nevertheless, the prevalence of malnutrition was high in the two settings and a substantial number of malnourished patients/residents received no nutritional intervention at all. These results show the necessity for improvements in the nutritional care in Austria, for instance, through the routine use of nutritional screening tools followed by tailored nutritional interventions in patients/residents in need.
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To investigate the association of the intakes of ω-3 (including α-linolenic acid [ALA], eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] plus docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), the interaction, and the ratio of these PUFAs with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults. ⋯ The ALA intake was inversely associated with the MetS, irrespective of the background intake of ω-6 PUFAs, in adults.
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This review aims to put an economic perspective on childhood and adolescent obesity by providing an overview on the latest literature on obesity-related costs and the cost effectiveness of interventions to prevent or manage the problem. ⋯ To design effective public policies against the obesity epidemic, a better understanding and a more precise assessment of the health care costs and the broader economic burden are necessary but, critically, depend on the collection of additional longitudinal data. The economic evaluation of childhood obesity interventions poses various methodologic challenges, which should be addressed in future research to fully use the potential of economic evaluation as an aid to decision making.
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Comparative Study
Adipose tissue volume is decreased in recently diagnosed cancer patients with cachexia.
Approximately 50% of patients with cancer develop cachexia. The aim of the present study was to determine if there were differences in the amount of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues at the time of the diagnosis among patients with cancer cachexia (CC), patients with cancer and a stable weight (WS), and patients with cancer and weight loss because of gastrointestinal obstruction (GO). ⋯ The WAT was decreased in the CC and GO groups compared with the WS group. Furthermore, patients with CC exhibited a selective decrease in visceral WAT. This may be new information regarding the WAT distribution in CC.
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Oxidative stress and inflammation seem to mediate the cardiovascular risks associated with salt sensitivity. Because hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors decrease oxidation and increase nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, we examined the effects of atorvastatin (ator) on tissue injury in rats with a reduced renal mass produced by 5/6 nephrectomy. This salt-sensitive hypertension model causes kidney and cardiovascular injuries. ⋯ Atorvastatin exerts beneficial effects on renal function, injury, and salt sensitivity in rats with a reduced renal mass on an NNaD. The HNaD hampers these beneficial effects.