Nutrition
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This review aims to put an economic perspective on childhood and adolescent obesity by providing an overview on the latest literature on obesity-related costs and the cost effectiveness of interventions to prevent or manage the problem. ⋯ To design effective public policies against the obesity epidemic, a better understanding and a more precise assessment of the health care costs and the broader economic burden are necessary but, critically, depend on the collection of additional longitudinal data. The economic evaluation of childhood obesity interventions poses various methodologic challenges, which should be addressed in future research to fully use the potential of economic evaluation as an aid to decision making.
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Pressure ulcer (PU) is a frequent complication of hip fracture. Studies were carried out to identify the risk factors of PU development after hip fractures. The objective of the study was to determine the role of anthropometric measurements and handgrip strength as predictors of PUs in patients with hip fractures during their hospital stay and 30 d after discharge, which has not yet been established. ⋯ Handgrip strength was found to predict PU development in patients with hip fractures during their hospital stay and 30 d after discharge.
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The main purpose of the present study was to assess the prognostic value of the bioelectrical phase angle (PA) in patients with heart failure independently of other parameters of a poor prognosis. ⋯ In this study population, a smaller PA was associated with malnutrition markers such as decreased body mass index, handgrip strength, and hemoglobin values and with a poor New York Heart Association functional class and renal failure. Adjusting for age, hemoglobin levels, and diabetes, a PA <4.2 was found to be an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in chronic heart failure.
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It remains unsettled whether dietary patterns play a role in insulin resistance. We assessed the association of major dietary patterns with C-peptide concentrations in a Japanese working population. ⋯ The Westernized breakfast pattern may be associated with a lower insulin resistance in Japanese women.