Nutrition
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The antioxidant vitamin E has been extensively employed to treat chronic liver diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vitamin E supplementation in lowering alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and chronic hepatitis C (CHC). ⋯ To summarize, the evidence currently available supported the theory that vitamin E supplementation can optimize aminotransferase levels for patients with NAFLD, NASH, and CHC, and more well-designed, large-scale clinical trials are encouraged to examine the therapeutic effect of vitamin E for these disorders.
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Family functioning, which reflects how well family members communicate and interact with each other, is associated with childhood overweight and obesity, but its association with children's eating behaviors remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between family functioning and unhealthy food and beverage consumption among children ages 1 to 12 y old. ⋯ In addition to traditional methods for improving diet, family-based interventions need to target more general aspects of the family's and caregiver's functioning to improve dietary intake.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of selenium supplementation on HIV-1 RNA detection in breast milk of Tanzanian women.
Selenium supplementation for women infected with HIV may increase genital shedding of HIV-1, however, to our knowledge, no studies have examined the effect on viral shedding in breast milk. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selenium supplementation on HIV-1 RNA detection in breast milk of HIV-infected women. ⋯ Selenium supplementation appears to increase HIV-1 RNA detection in breast milk among primiparous women not receiving HAART. Safety studies among pregnant women on HAART need to be conducted before administering selenium-containing supplements.
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Comparative Study
Renal function in patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition and in intestinal transplant recipients.
A decrease of renal function was described in patients on long-term home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for benign intestinal failure. The risk for chronic renal failure (CRF) due to frequent episodes of dehydration despite optimal HPN, is an indication for intestinal transplantation (ITx). ITx is the solid organ transplant at highest risk for developing CRF. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and the probability of CRF occurring in adults on HPN and after ITx. ⋯ The decrease of renal function and the risk for developing CRF are greater after ITx than during HPN. The risk for CRF on HPN, as a criterion for ITx, should be revised.