Nutrition
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Supplementation of α-linolenic acid improves serum adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.
ω-3 Polyunsaturated α-linolenic acid (ALA) supplementation has not been studied in the setting of adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity (IS) improvements in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (HEC). The aim of this study was to examine the influence of ω-3 ALA on IS and adiponectin. ⋯ ω-3 ALA supplementation improved glucose homeostasis and was associated with an increase in adiponectin. Improvement in the overall metabolic profile with ω-3 ALA suggests a potential clinical utility for this agent and requires further investigation.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of extra virgin olive oil and fish oil on lipid profile and oxidative stress in patients with metabolic syndrome.
The aim of this study was to verify if extra virgin olive oil and fish oil have a synergistic effect on lipid and oxidative stress parameters in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS). ⋯ The present study provides evidence that increased dietary ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and extra virgin olive oil have beneficial synergistic effects on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in patients with MetS.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Oral supplementation with L-glutamine alters gut microbiota of obese and overweight adults: A pilot study.
The aim of this study was to determine whether oral supplementation with L-glutamine (GLN) modifies the gut microbiota composition in overweight and obese adults. ⋯ Oral supplementation with GLN, for a short time, altered the composition of the gut microbiota in overweight and obese humans reducing the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, which resembled weight loss programs already seen in the literature.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Postprandial adiponectin and gelatinase response to a high-fat versus an isoenergetic low-fat meal in lean, healthy men.
Evidence suggests that an acute systemic inflammatory response is invoked after consumption of a high-energy meal. Postprandial regulation of adiponectin, an adipose tissue-derived, anti-inflammatory hormone, and the gelatinases, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, endopeptidases implicated in a diverse range of inflammatory processes, remain inconclusive. The aim of this study was to assess the postprandial effect of a high-energy (1212 kcal) meal on plasma adiponectin, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, glucose, insulin, triacylglycerols, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the differential effects on these parameters depending on whether the test meal was high fat (HF; 46 g fat, 1210 kcal) or isoenergetic and low fat (LF; 15 g fat, 1214 kcal energy). ⋯ No differential effects of a HF versus a LF isoenergetic meal were seen on postprandial adiponectin or the gelatinases. Adiponectin increased in response to a high-energy meal independent of treatment, and the gelatinases were lower in response to the HF versus the LF isoenergetic meal, independent of time point. Given the considerable amount of time that humans spend in the postprandial state, additional research is necessary to further understand inflammatory changes in this state.