Nutrition
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Caloric sweeteners such as sugar and honey are replaced in thousands of food products by noncaloric artificial sweeteners (NASs). The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of chronic NAS intake on circadian sleep regulation. ⋯ The findings suggest that NASs disturb the circadian sleep-wake cycle and cause behavioral inactivity in mice.
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Review Meta Analysis
Associations between dietary energy density and obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Although many studies have shown an association between dietary energy density (DED) and obesity, there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis on this topic. Therefore, the objective of this study was to qualitatively and quantitatively review and summarize the literature on association between DED and obesity. ⋯ The present review showed that DED was directly associated with risk of excess adiposity, higher weight change, and BMI. Lower DED should be considered a prevention strategy for obesity.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Dietary intake and childhood leukemia: The Diet and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment (DALLT) cohort study.
Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at elevated risk for nutrition-related morbidity both during and after therapy. We present the demographic characteristics and nutrient intake at study entry of a prospective cohort in which evaluating dietary intake in children diagnosed with ALL was investigated. ⋯ This study was successful in collecting dietary intake data at the time of cancer diagnosis in a multicenter setting in a pediatric population at high-risk for nutrition-related morbidity. We identified "at-risk" dietary intakes, which vary by sex and ALL risk group; such patients may benefit from future dietary interventions.
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There has been increasing interest in non-skeletal interactions between vitamin D insufficiency, which is common, and cardiovascular event and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. ⋯ Serum 25(OH)D may be favorably related to HDL cholesterol. However, serum 25(OH)D may not favorably related to subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness measured by cIMT and baPWV. The positive relationship between 25(OH)D and baPWV is likely to be mediated by blood pressure.