Nutrition
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Atherosclerotic vascular disease is an important cause of premature morbidity and mortality. An extensive body of epidemiologic data links impaired fetal growth, evidenced by reductions in birth weight, with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease in adulthood. ⋯ This review summarizes recent evidence that suggests that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may be beneficial for this indication; in particular being associated with more marked reductions in blood pressure and subclinical atherosclerosis in people who were born with poor fetal growth, than in those with healthy birth weight. Possible mechanisms, and the evidence base required to support the implementation of dietary guidelines specific to people born with impaired fetal growth are also described.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
A comparison of a behavioral weight loss program to a stress management program: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
This study compared a behavioral weight loss program (BWL) with a stress management-based program, Emotional Brain Training (EBT), on weight loss, blood pressure, depression, perceived stress, diet, and physical activity. ⋯ BWL produced greater weight loss than EBT; however, EBT produced sustained improvements in stress, depression, and systolic blood pressure. A combination of the two approaches should be explored.
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This study aimed to clarify the effects of dietary diversity on a decline in higher-level functional capacity among middle-aged and elderly subjects in Japan. ⋯ Daily intake of various foods may protect against a decline in intellectual activity among middle-aged and elderly community dwellers in Japan.
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This study assessed the safety and efficacy of a new beverage on suppressing hunger and improving feelings of satiety in healthy volunteers. ⋯ This study showed that a coffee beverage enriched with inulin, dextrin, and whey is safe and has possible benefits with regard to feelings of hunger and satiety 2 h after ingestion.
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Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a nutritional source with enriched β-carotene (0.01%) and pectins (0.8%). Although studies have highlighted the association between β-carotene and carrot pectic polysaccharide (CRPP), the precise binding of β-carotene to CRPP and its biological implications were not yet clearly understood. The aim of the present study is to report for the first time a natural carbohydrate polymer-CRPP-with associated β-carotene. ⋯ The data highlights that with the combination of β-carotene with CRPP, the prooxidant effect of β-carotene may be reduced, an apoptotic effect may be enhanced, and the anticancer potential of CRPP thus may be strengthened via galectin-3 inhibition.