Nutrition
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Polyphenol-rich products such as fruit juices have been found to have strong antioxidant capacities and to induce potent endothelium-dependent relaxation. We evaluated whether the commercial blackcurrant juices induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of isolated coronary arteries can be related to their antioxidant capacity and/or phenolic content. ⋯ Correlations between relaxation amplitude and total anthocyanin or individual anthocyanin contents are of interest for the development of functional blackcurrant beverages with the potential to promote vascular protection.
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Association between kindergarten and first-grade food insecurity and weight status in U.S. children.
The aim of this study was to determine if food insecurity is an independent risk factor for obesity in U.S. children. ⋯ Obesity is more prevalent among food-insecure children. First-grade food insecurity is an independent risk factor for longitudinal increases in BMI z-score. There are differences in the association between food insecurity and weight status between kindergarten and first grade.
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This study explored the effects of different fiber fractions on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal development in a porcine model. ⋯ This study not only indicated how the gut digestive physiology adapted to different NSP fractions, but also provided novel (to our knowledge) information that could promote our understanding of the role of dietary fibers in maintaining gut health.
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Observational Study
Nutritional intervention in head and neck cancer patients during chemo-radiotherapy.
Head and neck cancer patients experience unintentional weight loss and malnutrition at diagnosis, during oncologic treatment, and after the end of therapy because of reduction of eating ability. The aim of the present study was to assess nutrition intervention efficacy in maintaining basal nutritional conditions. ⋯ To preserve body weight and composition, we identified an energy requirement greater than expected both during and after chemoradiotherapy.
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Recent studies found a low rate of iron deficiency in Bangladeshi non-pregnant and non-lactating women. This was attributed to high iron concentrations in drinking water. However, there are limited data on iron deficiency among pregnant women in Bangladesh. ⋯ This study found a differential prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among pregnant women living in areas of high and low groundwater iron. Iron status was independently associated with daily iron intake from drinking water. However, a significant proportion of the anemia could not be attributed to iron deficiency. Further research to identify other nutritional and non-nutritional contributors to anemia in Bangladesh is needed to formulate effective prevention and control programs for anemia.