Nutrition
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Intake of antioxidants may reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) by reducing oxidative stress. However, it is unclear whether dietary non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC), which represents the cumulative action of dietary antioxidants and their synergistic effects in foods, is associated with decreased T2D risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between dietary NEAC and T2D. ⋯ This finding suggests that dietary NEAC may not be appreciably associated with T2D in Japanese adults.
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Observational Study
Long-term changes in nutritional status are associated with functional and mortality outcomes among community-living older adults.
Older adults who are malnourished are at high risk for adverse functional and mortality outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term changes in nutritional status among community-living older adults and their associations with adverse health outcomes. ⋯ Changes in nutritional status are associated with adverse health outcomes, and should be monitored with simple screening tools to identify older adults at high risk for adverse functional and mortality outcomes for selective nutritional interventions.
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Alterations in amino acid and protein metabolism-particularly in skeletal muscle-are a key feature of cancer that contributes to the cachexia syndrome. Thus, skeletal muscle protein turnover is characterized by an exacerbated rate of protein degradation, promoted by an activation of different proteolytic systems that include the ubiquitin-proteasome and the autophagic-lysosomal pathways. These changes are promoted by both hormonal alterations and inflammatory mediators released as a result of the systemic inflammatory response induced by the tumor. ⋯ Different inflammatory mediators-either released by the tumor or by the patient's healthy cells-are responsible for the activation of these catabolic processes that take place in skeletal muscle and in other tissues/organs, such as liver or adipose tissues. Indeed, white adipose tissue is also subject to extensive wasting and "browning" of some of the white adipocytes into beige cells; therefore increasing the energetic inefficiency of the patient with cancer. Recently, an interest in the role of micromRNAs-either free or transported into exosomes-has been related to the events that take place in white adipose tissue during cancer cachexia.
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Observational Study
Prestroke sarcopenia and functional outcomes in elderly patients who have had an acute stroke: A prospective cohort study.
The association between prestroke sarcopenia and functional outcomes in patients who have had a stroke has not, to our knowledge, been evaluated to date. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of prestroke sarcopenia, and determine whether prestroke sarcopenia is associated with functional outcomes in elderly patients who have suffered an acute stroke. ⋯ Prestroke sarcopenia is an independent predictor of functional outcome at 3 mo after a stroke. Our findings highlight the importance of detecting prestroke sarcopenia in elderly patients with acute stroke.
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Observational Study
Association between preoperative nutritional status and postoperative delirium in individuals with coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A prospective cohort study.
The prevalence of delirium and undernutrition are both relatively high subsequent to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between preoperative malnutrition and the occurrence of delirium after CABG surgery. ⋯ Since the prevalence of delirium is relatively high in CABG surgery and undernutrition is related to postoperative delirium, considering nutrition status with NRS-2002, SGA, or adductor pollicis muscle thickness before surgery could decrease the risk for postoperative delirium.