Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to investigate the association between aspects of the consumer food environment in food stores selling fruit and vegetables (FVs) and the incidence of overweight among users of a Brazilian primary health care service. ⋯ Given the importance of food environment in food choice at the time of purchase, it is important to consider consumer food environment in determining consumption. The results suggest that increased exposure to healthy foods should be included as guidelines for weight management.
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Observational Study
Prestroke sarcopenia and functional outcomes in elderly patients who have had an acute stroke: A prospective cohort study.
The association between prestroke sarcopenia and functional outcomes in patients who have had a stroke has not, to our knowledge, been evaluated to date. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of prestroke sarcopenia, and determine whether prestroke sarcopenia is associated with functional outcomes in elderly patients who have suffered an acute stroke. ⋯ Prestroke sarcopenia is an independent predictor of functional outcome at 3 mo after a stroke. Our findings highlight the importance of detecting prestroke sarcopenia in elderly patients with acute stroke.
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Vitamin deficiencies may reflect less-than-optimal health in select populations. The aim of this study was to determine whether vitamin D supplementation (VDs) after malnutrition may be adversely related to cancer diagnoses in a selected group of patients with alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). ⋯ VDs was time-related to cancer diagnosis in a cohort of patients with alcoholic WKS. The study may suggest the proliferation of cancer as an adverse effect of VDs, particularly in malnourished patients.
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Intermittent fasting (IF) may limit metabolic adaptations that reduce energy expenditure, potentially by stimulating white adipose tissue (WAT) browning. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 8 wk of IF on energy metabolism and markers of WAT browning in lean and diet-induced obese mice and in women who were overweight or obese. ⋯ IF increased energy expenditure and promoted WAT browning in mice but did not alter UCP1 mRNA levels in SAT in women.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of low doses of l-arginine supplementation on hemogram, integrity of DNA and spleen, inflammatory infiltrate in the jejunum, and in the coagulogram of rats submitted to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. ⋯ Supplementation with 100 mg/d of l-arginine minimized immunosuppression, spleen depletion, and prothrombin time and contributed to the breakdown of 5-FU-generated DNA in Wistar rats. Supplementation with 50 mg/d of l-arginine decreased the weight loss generated by 5-FU in Wistar rats. Supplements with 50 or 100 mg of l-arginine did not interfere with 5-FU-generated jejunal inflammatory infiltrate.