Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to evaluate kidney function outcome in adults on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for chronic intestinal failure using the newly recommended equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) assessment in clinical practice. ⋯ In patients on HPN for chronic intestinal failure, decreased kidney function is a frequent finding, even at HPN commencement, demanding accurate monitoring during the treatment. Prevention of CKD primarily relies on the maintenance of fluid balance and the prevention of catheter-sepsis and urologic diseases.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Cranberry juice decreases disease activity in women with rheumatoid arthritis.
Studies have shown that cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) has antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects; however, to our knowledge, the effects of cranberry juice consumption have not been studied in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to verify the effect of cranberry juice consumption on several inflammatory biomarkers and on the disease activity of patients with RA. ⋯ The present study indicated that cranberry juice decreases disease activity and therefore has beneficial effects for RA patients, although larger and long-term studies are needed to definitively probe this effect and to clarify the mechanisms involved.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
High doses of sodium bicarbonate increase lactate levels and delay exhaustion in a cycling performance test.
It is well established that ingestion of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) causes metabolic alkalosis. However, there is no consensus in terms of optimal NaHCO3 doses leading to enhanced performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of different NaHCO3 doses on performance and lactate clearance in non-professional cyclists. ⋯ The present study found that 0.3 g · kg-1 BW NaHCO3 is effective in improving performance and improving blood lactate levels in cyclists compared with control and 0.1 g · kg-1 BW NaHCO3.
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It is commonly accepted that adequate carbohydrate availability is necessary for optimal endurance performance. However, for strength- and physique-based athletes, sports nutrition research and recommendations have focused on protein ingestion, with far less attention given to carbohydrates. Varying resistance exercise protocols, such as differences in intensity, volume, and intraset rest prescriptions between strength-training and physique-training goals elicit different metabolic responses, which may necessitate different carbohydrate needs. ⋯ Although several molecular studies demonstrate no additive increases in postexercise mammalian target of rapamycin 1 phosphorylation with carbohydrate and protein compared with protein ingestion alone, the effects of chronic resistance training with carbohydrate restriction on muscle hypertrophy are conflicting and require further research to determine a minimal carbohydrate threshold necessary to optimize muscle hypertrophy. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding carbohydrate availability and resistance training outcomes and poses new research questions that will better help guide carbohydrate recommendations for strength and physique athletes. In addition, given that success in physique sports is based on subjective appearance, and not objective physical performance, we also review the effects of subchronic carbohydrate ingestion during contest preparation on aesthetic appearance.
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The aim of the study was to examine the combined associations between handgrip strength (HGS) and adherence to a Mediterranean diet with blood pressure (BP) in Chilean children. ⋯ Children with a high HGS levels (i.e., ≥80th percentile) may somewhat overcome the deleterious effects of low adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Therefore, these findings suggest that the combination of these two components of a healthy lifestyle, especially HGS may be beneficial to children's BP.