Nutrition
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The use of probiotics in sports has been growing in the past years focusing on the attenuation of upper respiratory tract (URS) and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms commonly present in endurance athletes. Researches shown different results and this may related to the probiotic strain, dose, period consumption or even the form of administration (capsules, sachets or fermented milk). These four factors directly influence in the probiotic's outcome and this question still remains unclear. ⋯ Also, specific species appears to have a role in exercise recovery. Therefore, the beneficial effect of probiotics in sports field is strictly dependent on the four factors abovementioned. The molecular mechanisms behind the probiotics effectiveness have not yet been elucidated and perhaps the biological assessments performed in the studies as well the few number of studies published did not answer the question yet.
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It has been demonstrated that leptin influences the energy balance by regulating appetite and increasing energy expenditure (EE). However, the relationship between circulating leptin and EE is confounded owing to variations in body composition. The aim of this study was to determine the role of circulating leptin in energy regulation and to examine whether the leptin-mediated changes in EE are associated with adiposity among healthy adults living in Singapore. ⋯ Leptin may be a more significant predictor of normalized RMR than FM per se. The contribution of FM to RMR could be via a mechanism that is related to leptin-dependent responses involved in energy homeostasis.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common public health issues worldwide. Oranges are the most popular fruit consumed in the world. Admittedly, flavonoids in oranges act as antioxidants and improve liver steatosis. However, oranges also are rich in fructose, which is a risk factor in the progress of NAFLD. Therefore, we hypothesize that orange intake may be a double-edged sword in the development of NAFLD. To our knowledge, there currently is little evidence of the effect of dietary orange intake on NAFLD. The aim of this study was to investigate how orange intake is related to NAFLD in a general adult population. ⋯ The present study demonstrated that orange intake is positively associated with the prevalence of NAFLD.
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The aim of this study was to review the factors associated with stunting in the northern province of Rwanda by assessing anthropometric status, dietary intake, and overall complementary feeding practices. ⋯ Interventions focusing on optimal nutrition during the complementary feeding stage, exclusive breastfeeding, and the use of deworming tablets have the potential to substantially reduce stunting in children in the northern province of Rwanda.
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Increased blood flow via vasodilation, metabolite production, and venous pooling contribute to the hyperemia and cellular swelling experienced during resistance training. It has been suggested that these effects play a role in hypertrophic adaptations. Over the past 2 decades, sport supplement products have been marketed to promote exercise hyperemia and intracellular fluid storage, thereby enhancing hypertrophy via acute swelling of myocytes. ⋯ Although we recognize that the literature is relatively scarce regarding these topics, a better comprehension and discussion of these determinants can lead to increased knowledge and might guide further research regarding the proposed mechanisms of action of the identified compounds. In this case, increased knowledge may contribute to the development of improved efficacy, new products, or direct new research to specifically investigate those secondary effects. The aim of this review was to bring into focus new perspectives associated with secondary physiological effects induced by supplementation and to determine their relevance.