Nutrition
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Calorie restriction (CR) >20% has been hypothesized to aid cancer prevention and treatment. Yet, to our knowledge, there is a lack of reported studies in humans describing tolerance, adherence, or efficacy, and unpublished and incomplete dietary studies may indicate lack of tolerability and compliance. The aim of this study was to assess registered clinical trials using CR for cancer treatment and prevention, rates of completion, and published reports to determine whether barriers to publication may be indicative of either negative studies, or incompletion due to unreported compliance issues. ⋯ Poor completion and lack of reporting of results is apparent in the majority of studies assessing CR for cancer prevention or treatment. These findings should be considered during the design of future studies assessing dietary strategies for cancer prevention or treatment.
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The aim of this study was to perform a nutritional assessment of the menus served in school canteens and to verify their effects on the nutrition of schoolchildren. ⋯ It is necessary to review school menus and adjust the size of the servings to the age of the children. Correct nutritional education is essential for both kitchen staff and school canteen monitors.
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The relationship between vitamin intake and the occurrence of cancer is controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic associations between vitamins D, E, and B12 and five cancers (i.e., colorectal cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, malignant melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma). ⋯ There is no genetic evidence to support the association between intake of vitamins D, E, and B12 and the risk for colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers, malignant melanoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the intake of specific macronutrients and minerals that could influence cardiovascular health in recreational marathon runners. ⋯ Marathon runners consuming adequate amounts of unsaturated fat, iron, potassium, and magnesium, performed better and presented better cardiovascular health.
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The quantitative importance of prescribed intravenous (IV) medication to water and sodium intake in routine clinical practice is undocumented, with uncertain influence on clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to redress this issue in surgical patients with gastrointestinal problems. ⋯ IV medicine prescriptions, particularly antibiotic agents and paracetamol, can make substantial and clinically relevant contributions to daily water and sodium intake. These contributions have persisted over time and should be considered during routine assessments of fluid balance and interventions aiming to improve clinical outcomes.